Abies firma Siebold & Zucc.

Trees to 50 m tall; trunk to 2 m d.b.h.; bark black, rough, scaly, fissured; crown pyramidal; branchlets grayish yellow, turning light gray or yellowish gray in 2nd or 3rd year, glabrous, or puberulent in groove; winter buds ovoid, slightly resinous. Leaves almost radially spreading or ascending on upper side of branchlets, pectinately arranged in 2 lateral sets on lower side, bright green adaxially, linear, 2-3.5(-5) cm × 3-4 mm, stomatal lines in 2 white bands abaxially, resin canals 2, median, sometimes also 2 marginal canals in leaves of cone-bearing branchlets, apex emarginate or obtuse. Seed cones green, maturing yellow-or gray-brown, cylindric, 12-15 cm. Seed scales flabellate-trapeziform, 1.2-2.2 × 1.7-2.8 cm. Bracts usually exserted, apex with abrupt, acute cusp. Seeds with cuneate-oblong wing. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Oct.

Hill and mountain forests, where it occurs as scattered trees or small groups over much of its range, with larger stands in the remainder, growing on various mountain soils of volcanic origin or alluvial, and mesic; at elevations to 1,900 metres.

The seeds are eaten roasted.

Plants are grown from seed. Seeds germinate in 6 weeks. Seedlings should be transplanted out while small.