Abrus precatorius L.

Rosarypea (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Abrus

Characteristics

Woody climber 1–4.5 m. tall, stems often attaining over 1.5 cm. in diameter.. Stems usually greenish, sparsely adpressed or somewhat spreading pubescent or glabrous.. Leaves 16–34-foliolate; petiole 0.5–1.8 cm. long; leaflets deciduous, oblong, obovate-oblong or ovate, 0.6–2.7 cm. long, 3–10 mm. wide, obtuse to acuminate at the apex, rounded or subcordate at the base, glabrous or glabrescent above, sparsely adpressed pubescent or puberulous beneath.. Inflorescences thick and robust, 2–7 cm. long; peduncles 1.5–6 cm. long; flowers subsessile in dense fascicles; bracts and bracteoles 0.5–1 mm. long.. Calyx sparsely puberulous, 3 mm. long, denticulate.. Corolla yellow, white, pink or mauve, 0.9–1.5 cm. long.. Pods oblong, somewhat swollen, 2–4(–5) cm. long, 1–1.5 cm. wide, with a hooked beak, covered with dense short ferrugineous adpressed hairs, smooth or densely covered with tubercles forming transverse ridges.. Seeds (1)3–7, scarlet with black area around the hilum or very rarely entirely black or yellowish, ovoid, longest dimension 5–7 mm., shorter dimension 4–5 mm., glabrous and shining, usually remaining attached to the edges of the opened valves for some time.
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Slender vine; stems twining, pubescent with appressed white hairs, glabres-cent. Leaves pinnate with 5-13 pairs of leaflets; leaflets oblong to ovate, mostly 9-15 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, apically rounded or truncate and mucronulate, sometimes acute, basally obtuse, rounded or truncate; petiolules 0.5-1 mm long; petioles shorter than the width of a leaflet; rachis mostly 7-10 cm long, sparingly pubescent with ascending hairs; stipels minute, following the rachis; stipules sub-ulate, 1-2 mm long. Inflorescences leafless pseudoracemes; peduncles stouter than the petioles and often stouter than the stems, 6-10 cm long, bearing ca. 4 pairs of minute bracts along the length; rachis strongly angled, somewhat con-gested, 3-6 cm long, the flowers 1-15 per node, pedicels 1-2 mm long, glabrous except for the apical swelling. Flowers white or pinkish, ca. 1 cm long, calyx cupular, ca. 2 mm long with low teeth, sparingly short pubescent; standard ob-ovate, 8-9 mm long, the wing petals upcurved, ca. 6 mm long, stamens not exserted. Legume oblong, somewhat oblique, ca. 2.5 cm long, 1.5 cm wide,
A climbing vine. It can grow up to 10 m long. The vine can be 1.5 cm thick. The branches are shaped like a rod with small lateral branchlets. The leaves are 5 to 10 cm long and usually smooth underneath. There are 20 to 40 pairs of leaflets. The leaves are like a feather. The leaflets are dull green and much paler beneath and fall off seasonally. The leaflets are 1-2 cm long by 0.3-0.6 cm wide. The flowers stalks are shorter than the leaves. Many flowers are produced on a stalk and they are pinkish white to purple. The pods are oblong and 4-5 cm long. The pods are slightly woody and flattened. They are smooth. They contain 3 to 5 shiny seeds which are bright red with a black spot. The seeds are retained on the pod some time after the pod splits open. The seeds have a very hard coat so are not easily chewed even though they are poisonous. (The poisonous substance must get into the blood stream.)
Lianas. Stem slender, much branched, sparsely white stri­gose. Leaves paripinnate; leaflets 8-13-paired, opposite; petio­lule short; blades suboblong, 1-2 × 0.4-0.8 cm, membranous, sparsely white strigose abaxially, glabrous adaxially, rounded at base, truncate and with mucro at apex. Racemes axillary, 3-8 cm. Flowers small, dense. Calyx campanulate, 4-toothed, white strigose. Corolla purple; standard with triangular claw; wings and keels narrower. Stamens 9. Ovary hairy. Legumes oblong, 2-3.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, leathery, dehiscent, with 2-6 seeds. Seeds lustrous, black in lower part, red in upper part, subglo­bose. Fl. Mar-Jun, fr. Sep-Oct.
hardly stipitate, the beak slender, 3-5 cm long, downturned, dehiscent along 1 margin, the valves softly pubescent, compressed but bulging over the seeds; seeds 5-6, subglobose or slightly compressed ovoid, bright shiny scarlet with a black area near the hilum, ca. 6 mm long, the hilum depressed, ca. 1 mm long.
Clustered fruits which burst, exposing the brilliant red black seeds.
Rather stout racemes of pinkish-yellow flowers
A woody twining shrub
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.25 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It will grow on most soils but often occurs in sandy positions. It suits areas with a high rainfall and does best in sunny positions. It is damaged by drought and frost. They are widely distributed in areas of shrub throughout the Philippines. In Papua New Guinea it grows near mangroves. In Papua New Guinea they grow up to 660 m altitude. It Africa it grows up to 1,350 m above sea level. It needs a temperature above 16°C. It can grow in arid places.
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Lowland tropical forest. Trailing over thickets and hedges in open or shady places at elevations up to 1,000 metres in Nepal.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

CAUTION Seeds are very poisonous. They contain a poison called abrin. If chewed they can cause blindness and death. Roots are reported to be eaten in India. They are boiled and eaten in the Andaman Islands. They are a substitute for liquorice. The seeds have been recorded as eaten in Egypt and India after very long cooking. The leaves have been recorded as being used to make tea drinks in Australia. The very young leaves are cooked and eaten in Nepal when other food is scarce. The dry leaves are chewed with the leaves used with betel nut. The pods are recorded as roasted and eaten in the Andaman Islands.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food food additive magical plant material medicinal oil ornamental poison social use tea vertebrate poison
Edible leaves roots seeds stems
Therapeutic use Menstruation (bark), Antitoxins (fruit), Aphrodisiacs (fruit), Asthma (fruit), Dental caries (fruit), Eye diseases (fruit), Fever (fruit), Nootropic agents (fruit), Pruritus (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Skin diseases (fruit), Stomatitis (fruit), Taste disorders (fruit), Thirst (fruit), Tuberculosis, lymph node (fruit), Vitiligo (fruit), Vomiting (fruit), Wounds and injuries (fruit), Disorder of head (fruit), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Astringents (leaf), Biliary tract diseases (leaf), Chest pain (leaf), Colic (leaf), Common cold (leaf), Cough (leaf), Dental caries (leaf), Diabetes mellitus (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Edema (leaf), Emetics (leaf), Endophthalmitis (leaf), Fever (leaf), Gonorrhea (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hepatitis (leaf), Hoarseness (leaf), Hypnotics and sedatives (leaf), Infection (leaf), Inflammation (leaf), Jaundice (leaf), Menorrhagia (leaf), Pain (leaf), Pruritus (leaf), General tonic for rejuvenation (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Stomach diseases (leaf), Stomatitis (leaf), Thirst (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Tuberculosis, lymph node (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Vitiligo (leaf), Vomiting (leaf), Abortifacient agents (root), Hair loss (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Aphrodisiacs (root), Asthma (root), Astringents (root), Biliary tract diseases (root), Chest pain (root), Colic (root), Common cold (root), Contraceptive agents (root), Cough (root), Dental caries (root), Diuretics (root), Dysentery (root), Emetics (root), Endophthalmitis (root), Epilepsy (root), Eye infections (root), Fever (root), Gonorrhea (root), Headache (root), Infection (root), Inflammation (root), Jaundice (root), Leprosy (root), Mouth diseases (root), Pain (root), Pharyngitis (root), Puerperal disorders (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Snake bites (root), Stomatitis (root), Syphilis (root), Thirst (root), Tuberculosis, lymph node (root), Urination disorders (root), Whooping cough (root), Abortifacient agents (seed), Acne vulgaris (seed), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (seed), Hair loss (seed), Analgesics (seed), Anthelmintics (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Anti-infective agents (seed), Anti-inflammatory agents (seed), Antineoplastic agents (seed), Antispermatogenic agents (seed), Aphrodisiacs (seed), Apnea (seed), Arthralgia (seed), Asthma (seed), Astringents (seed), Breast neoplasms (seed), Cardiotonic agents (seed), Cathartics (seed), Central nervous system depressants (seed), Cholera (seed), Cholinergic antagonists (seed), Common cold (seed), Contraceptive agents (seed), Cough (seed), Diarrhea (seed), Dysentery (seed), Eczema (seed), Emetics (seed), Fever (seed), Fractures, bone (seed), Graves ophthalmopathy (seed), Hemagglutination (seed), Hepatitis (seed), Hypotension (seed), Insecticides (seed), Nervous system diseases (seed), Paralysis (seed), Parasympatholytics (seed), Anti-poisoning (seed), Prostatic neoplasms (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Schistosoma (seed), Sciatica (seed), Skin diseases (seed), Stomatitis (seed), Thirst (seed), Tuberculosis, lymph node (seed), Ulcer (seed), Uterine contraction (seed), Uterine diseases (seed), Vitiligo (seed), Wounds and injuries (seed), Irritant (seed), Abortifacient (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antidote (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Bilious (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Bladder (unspecified), Blennorrhagia (unspecified), Boil (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Chest (unspecified), CNS sedative (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Collyrium (unspecified), Conjunctivitis (unspecified), Tuberculosis (unspecified), Contraceptive (unspecified), Convulsion (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysuria (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Emollient (unspecified), Enteritis (unspecified), Epithelioma (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Fatal (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Freckle (unspecified), Gastritis (unspecified), Gingivitis (unspecified), Gonorrhea (unspecified), Gravel (unspecified), Heart (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Homicide (unspecified), Hookworms (unspecified), Kidney (unspecified), Laxative (unspecified), Loin (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Myalgia (unspecified), Ophthalmia (unspecified), Ordeal (unspecified), Pectoral (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Sweetener (unspecified), Throat (unspecified), Trachoma (unspecified), Urogenital (unspecified), Venereal (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Fracture(Veterinary) (unspecified), Insomnia (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Masticatory (unspecified), Night-Blindness (unspecified), Puerperium (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Sprue (unspecified), Styptic (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (unspecified), Hair loss (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Anticonvulsants (unspecified), Anti-infective agents, local (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (unspecified), Antiparasitic agents (unspecified), Antipruritics (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Apnea (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified), Contraceptives, oral (unspecified), Disinfectants (unspecified), Dizziness (unspecified), Emetics (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Histamine antagonists (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Leprosy (unspecified), Mouth diseases (unspecified), Muscle strength (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified), Night blindness (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Paralysis (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Sciatica (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Sprains and strains (unspecified), Thirst (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Mucus in urine (unspecified), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant), Gonorrhea (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed. The seed need to be treated to break the dormancy. Putting them in boiling water can do this. Plants can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Abrus precatorius leaf picture by jlapoutre (cc-by-sa)
Abrus precatorius leaf picture by Narendra Sahu (cc-by-sa)
Abrus precatorius leaf picture by Teresa Teresa (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Abrus precatorius fruit picture by Eduardo Andrade (cc-by-sa)
Abrus precatorius fruit picture by Lorenzi Harri (cc-by-sa)
Abrus precatorius fruit picture by Alex Arriaza (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Abrus precatorius world distribution map, present in Angola, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Benin, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Comoros, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Guernsey, Ghana, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Equatorial Guinea, Grenada, Guatemala, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Kenya, Cambodia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Mayotte, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nicaragua, Niue, Netherlands, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Suriname, Seychelles, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:469605-1
WFO ID wfo-0000178702
COL ID 8MGH
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447155
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Abrus maculatus Abrus pauciflorus Abrus abrus Glycine abrus Zaga latifolia Zaga parvifolia Orobus americanus Abrus tunguensis Abrus precatorius var. novo-guineensis Abrus precatorius subsp. precatorius Abrus precatorius var. novo-guineensis Abrus precatorius

Lower taxons

Abrus precatorius subsp. africanus