Abutilon fruticosum Guill. & Perr.

Texas indian mallow (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Abutilon

Characteristics

A. caule fruticoso lignoso, erecto, rigido, a basi ramoso; foliis petiolatis, cordatis aut lanceolatis, serratis quandoque integris, utrinque dense velutinis; pedunculis gracilibus, basi et apice articulatis unifloris; carpellis submuticis velutinis 3-spermis. Caulis fruticosus, erectus rigidus, teres, pulverulentus, apice breviter tomentosus, a basi ramosus.-Folia petiolata, cordata, nunc ovalia acuta, nunc oblonga apice submutica saepius breviter serrata, quandoque integra, circiter 1 1/2 poll. longa, 1/2poll. lata, utrinque densissime et mollissime velutina albida.-Stipule breves, filiformes, velutinae, caducae.-Flores axillares et terminales, flavescentes pedunculati; pedunculis longis, unifloris, gracilibus, basi et apice articulatis.-Calyx brevis, cyathiformis, 5-fidus; laciniis ovato-acutis, velutinis albidis.-Corolla 5-petala; petalis albo-flavescentibus, concavis, apice rotundis subundulatis.-Tubus stamineus conicus, brevis, rubellus, apice filamenta crebra approximata antherifera gerens; stigmatibus obtusis rubellis.-Carpella capsularia 10 calyce duplo longiora, stellatim disposita, submutica, dense tomentosa, unilocularia, bivalvia, 3-sperma.-Semina subreniformia, parva, fusca, subnuda.
More
Subshrubs, 1–1.5 m. Stems erect, stellate-tomentulose, without simple hairs. Leaves: stipules subulate, 2 mm; petiole shorter than blade; blade ± concolorous, ovate, 2–10 cm (often smaller), somewhat longer than wide, base cordate, margins irregularly serrate, apex acute, surfaces minutely stellate-pubescent. Inflorescences solitary flowers or terminal panicles. Flowers: calyx 3–5 mm, lobes not overlapping, reflexed in fruit, lanceolate-ovate, to 8 mm wide; corolla yellow throughout, petals 5–10 mm; staminal column glabrous; style 6–9-branched. Schizocarps cask-shaped, 8–9 × 8–9 mm; mericarps: apex acute or apiculate, surface tomentulose. Seeds 3 per mericarp, 2 mm, puberulent but appearing glabrous. 2n = 14.
Mericarps usually c. 10, broadly keeled in apical half (hence fruit in upper half characteristically furrowed between the mericarps), obliquely truncate-convex at the apex with the dorsal angle subacute to shortly mucronate but not awned, when not yet ripe densely and shortly greyish-green, ultimately grey-brown, stellate-tomentose dorsally and on the apical dorsal area of the flat sides, not turning black.
Leaf-lamina 2–6 (10) × 1·5–4 (6) cm., apex obtuse to acute or somewhat acuminate, margin usually subentire to slightly crenate or serrate, less often more conspicuously serrate, upper surface grey-green with indistinct venation, lower surface paler and canescent with distinct somewhat prominent venation; petiole somewhat shorter or slightly longer than the corresponding lamina.
A herb or small shrub. It keeps growing from year to year. It has many branches. It is hairy. It grows 1 m tall. The leaves are 1-8 cm long by 2 cm wide. They are heart shaped at the base. They can have teeth. The flowers occurs singly in the axils of the leaves. The flowers are yellow. The fruit are 8 mm long by 10 mm wide.
Shrub 0·5–1·25 (2) m. tall, much branched, canescent to glaucous-grey with a dense very short velvety indumentum; stems terete, slender, at length glabrescent, woody and ultimately covered with a light brown or greyish bark with short darker linear markings.
Shrub, 0.50-1.25(-2.00) m high. Flowers opening in the morning. Mericarps 10, broadly keeled in apical half, giving fruit characteristic ribbed appearance. Flowers yellow, orange to apricot.
Calyx 5–6 mm. long, broadly campanulate to cupular, divided to about the middle; lobes triangular or triangular-ovate, mucronate, minutely ciliate, with indistinct median vein.
Flowers solitary on the main branches and/or on short leafy axillary shoots; pedicels 0·5–4 (8) cm. long, slender, terete, articulated near the apex.
Fruit 8 × 10–12 mm., broadly cylindric with rounded base, widely and shallowly umbilicate.
Seeds usually 3, c. 1·5 × 1·5 mm., usually greyish-brown, minutely verruculose-punctate.
A hoary, much-branched, woody perennial, 3–6 ft. high
Staminal tube stellate-hairy.
Comparatively small leaves
Petals 7–10 mm. long.
Carpels 2–3-seeded.
Flowers yellow
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.1
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical plant. It grows in well-drained soils that can be rocky or sandy. It is often over limestone material. It grows between 275-1,800 m above sea level. It can tolerate shade. It can grow in arid places.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses animal food food material medicinal
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Abutilon fruticosum unspecified picture

Distribution

Abutilon fruticosum world distribution map, present in Angola, United Arab Emirates, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Djibouti, Algeria, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Libya, Morocco, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mauritania, Namibia, Niger, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, Seychelles, Chad, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Yemen, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326450-2
WFO ID wfo-0000511912
COL ID 64B32
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Abutilon denticulatum Abutilon fruticosum Abutilon microphyllum Sida kotschyi Abutilon dubium Abutilon nuttallii Abutilon texense Sida denticulata Sida perrottetiana Abutilon fruticosum var. chrysocarpum Abutilon fruticosum var. microphyllum Abutilon fruticosum var. saidae

Lower taxons

Abutilon fruticosum var. hepperi