Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) Sweet

Florida keys indian mallow (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Abutilon

Characteristics

Subshrublike herbs, ca. 80 cm tall. Branchlets, leaves, petioles, and pedicels densely hairy, with long hirsute and short gland-tipped hairs, or densely tomentose. Stipules filiform, ca. 5 mm, reflexed; petiole 2-9 cm; leaf blade orbicular-cordate, 3-8 × 3.5-7 cm, both surfaces stellate tomentose, base cordate, margin denticulate, apex cuspidate. Flowers solitary, axillary, large. Pedicel shorter than petiole, apically articulate. Calyx campanulate, lobes 5, ovate, 8-10 mm, densely tomentose. Corolla orange with purple center; petals obovate, ca. 1.5 cm, adaxially glabrous. Filament tube ca. 1 cm, stellate hairy at base. Schizocarp nearly globose, ca. 1 × 1.5 cm, apex truncate; mericarps 20-25, stellate hispid with long hairs. Seeds 3-5, nearly reniform, pilose. Fl. Apr-Jun.
More
Large erect herb to soft-stemmed shrub up to about 1·5 m. tall, covered on young parts, stems, petioles, pedicels and calyx with a dense usually somewhat yellowish or brownish usually velutinous occasionally somewhat harsh stellate-tomentose indumentum intermingled on young parts, especially the tips of the branches, with short glandular hairs, and usually on younger parts of stems, petioles and pedicels also with long patent white or yellow hairs, the latter more rarely very scanty; stems terete, the older portions usually stout, at length glabrescent, slightly lignified with a large pith, covered with a thin greyish-brown cortex with close lanceolate-rhomboid to linear markings (shallow fissures or lenticels) often forming an almost continuous pattern.
Leaf-lamina 4–20 cm. long and up to 18 cm. broad, suborbicular-cordate or broadly ovate-cordate, generally drying a yellowish or brownish-green colour, usually markedly acuminate with a narrow mucronate acumen, irregularly and distinctly to coarsely serrate or serrate-crenate to biserrate, occasionally very slightly 3-lobed; finely and harshly stellate-pubescent, glabrescent, somewhat rough to the touch, often also with sessile glands (hence viscid) on the upper surface, more densely and more softly stellate-pubescent and with prominent veins on the slightly paler lower surface; petiole generally as long as or longer than the corresponding lamina, terete.
Soft-stemmed shrub or herb, 1.5 m high. Young parts viscid; indumentum of stems stellate-velvety usually intermingled with sparse longer patent hairs and with dense amber-coloured glandular hairs. Mericarps mu-ticous or occasionally mucronate. Flowers yellow often with reddish centre or red venation.
A herb or small shrub. It grows 0.5-2 m high. It has clammy hairs. The leaf stalks are 3-15 cm long. The leaves are sword shaped and 4-18 cm long. There are hairs on both surfaces. The flowers occur singly in the axils of leaves. The fruit have 2-3 seeds. They are kidney shaped and 2-2.5 mm across.
Flowers yellow, often with a reddish centre, and/or the venation reddish towards the centre, axillary, on main branches and sometimes also on short lateral shoots and often forming a terminal leafy panicle; pedicels up to about 5 cm. long, articulated in upper 11 mm.
Fruit 12–15 × c. 20 mm., depressed-globose, broadly and shallowly umbilicate, densely and shortly stellate-pubescent, nearly enclosed by the accrescent up to 14 mm. long appressed fruiting calyx.
Calyx 8–10 mm. long, campanulate, strigose-tomentose inside, divided about half-way down; lobes triangular-ovate, acute to shortly apiculate, ciliate.
Mericarps 20–30, dorsally rounded, usually bluntly angled and muticous to shortly pointed near the dorsal (outer) upper side.
Seeds 2–3, verruculose and usually distinctly but finely stellate-pubescent.
Staminal tube stellate-hairy.
Petals c. 16 mm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in rocky, stony or sandy soils. It is often over limestone material. It grows between 550-915 m above sea level. It can tolerate shade. It can grow in arid places. In Yunnan.
More
Woodland, bushland, savannahs, overgrazed grassland, roadsides, hedges and fences, often near rivers and other moist locations, and sometimes on termite nests; at elevations from sea level to 1,800 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The fruit are eaten raw.
Uses animal food environmental use fiber food gene source material medicinal
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use Anthelmintics (bark), Antipyretics (bark), Astringents (bark), Diuretics (bark), Infection (bark), Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Anti-bacterial agents (fruit), Demulcents (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Low back pain (leaf), Toothache (leaf), Fever (root), Menstruation (root), Bronchitis (seed), Demulcents (seed), Gonorrhea (seed), Hemorrhoids (seed), Laxatives (seed), Medicine (unspecified), Nervous system diseases (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Abutilon hirtum habit picture by Rudy BANOR (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Abutilon hirtum leaf picture by Rudy BANOR (cc-by-sa)
Abutilon hirtum leaf picture by Jesus Rodríguez (cc-by-sa)
Abutilon hirtum leaf picture by Kimata Victoria (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Abutilon hirtum flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Abutilon hirtum flower picture by Vishwanath Krishnaswamy (cc-by-sa)
Abutilon hirtum flower picture by Venkat Nalimela (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Abutilon hirtum fruit picture by Rudy BANOR (cc-by-sa)
Abutilon hirtum fruit picture by Kimata Victoria (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Abutilon hirtum world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Burundi, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Belize, Barbados, Botswana, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Djibouti, Dominican Republic, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, Haiti, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Jamaica, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Myanmar, Mozambique, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Namibia, Niger, Nicaragua, Oman, Pakistan, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, El Salvador, Somalia, South Sudan, Turks and Caicos Islands, Chad, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Yemen, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:238-2
WFO ID wfo-0000511971
COL ID 8N4S
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 446648
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Napaea incurva Sida beloere l'hér. Sida graveolens Abutilon hirtum Abutilon lugardii Abutilon heterotrichum Abutilon kotschyi Abutilon graveolens var. hirtum Abutilon graveolens var. queenslandicum Abutilon hirtum var. heterotrichum Abutilon indicum var. hirtum Abutilon hirtum var. hirtum Abutilon graveolens Sida hirta

Lower taxons

Abutilon hirtum var. yuanmouense