Abutilon ramosum (Cav.) Guill. & Perr.

Species

Angiosperms > Malvales > Malvaceae > Abutilon

Characteristics

A. caule suffrutescente erecto, apice viscoso glanduloso-piloso, basi ramoso; foliis petiolatis ovato-cordatis, serratis obsolete acuminatis, quandoque subtricuspidatis; floribus paniculatis; pedunculis viscosis 1-3-floris axillaribus terminalibusque; carpellis 7-8 biaristatis stellatim dispositis. Radix longissima, perpendicularis, vix ramosa, albida.-Caulis suffrutescens erectus, teres, 2 1/2-3-pedes altus, apice glanduloso-pilosus, viscosus, basi ramosus; ramis suberectis molliter hispidis.-Folia petiolata ovato-cordata basi vix emarginata, serrata, obsolete acuminata quandoque subtricus-pidata, subglabra, subtus viscosa.-Stipule erectae, lineares, villosae.-Flores paniculati, axillares et terminales, flavescentes, longe pedunculati; pedunculis erectis 1-3-floris apice caudatis articulatis, viscoso-pilosis.-Calyx brevis, urceolatus, villosus, viscosus, ferrugineus, 5-fidus; segmentis latis acutis.-Corolla 5-petala; petalis flavis, apice subrotundis, concavis, basi angustis.-Tubus stamineus conicus, nudus; filamentis brevibus, capillaribus, albidis; antheris subrotundis, luteis.-Ovarium ovatum villosissimum.-Stylus in 8 segmenta gracillima reflexa apice divisus; stigmatibus obtusis, luteis papillosis.-Carpella capsularia 7-8, calyce duplo longiora stellatim disposita, longe biaristata, viscoso-villosa, bivalvia, unilocularia; loculis 3-spermis.-Semina subreniformia, fusca, squamis verrucosis conspersa.
More
An erect plant. It grows 1.25 m tall. The stems branch near the base. They become woody near the base. The plant is hairy. The leaves are broadly oval and can have 3 shallow lobes. The leaves are 4-10 cm long. They are dark green above and paler underneath. There are shallow teeth along the edge. The flowers are yellow to orange and 2 cm across. They occur as 3-4 together in the axils of the upper leaves. The fruit has 8 sections. They spread out with long awns like spikes.
Leaf-lamina 4–10 (15) × 3–9 (13) cm., broadly ovate-cordate to suborbicular-cordate, sometimes shallowly 3-lobed, apex acuminate, margin usually shallowly but distinctly and regularly serrate or crenate with minutely apiculate serrations, upper surface dark green, finely and somewhat scabridly stellate-pubescent, lower surface slightly paler, similarly hairy; petiole longitudinally sulcate, as long as or shorter than the corresponding blade.
Suffrutex up to c. 1·25 m. tall, erect or occasionally spreading (usually after having been grazed), usually branched from the base, with a short dense stellate usually somewhat rough pubescence and usually with additional ± sparse long patent hairs and often glandular-viscid when young; stems terete, firm, green or yellowish-green, woody at the base, ultimately with a thin greyish bark.
Flowers yellow to orange, in the axils of the upper leaves; peduncle c. 4 cm. long, erect-patent, 2–4-flowered at the apex; pedicels c. 2 cm. long, articulated in the upper 6 mm. (sometimes a solitary pedicel in the same axil as the peduncle but shorter than the latter).
Calyx c. 8–12 mm. (accrescent to c. 9 × 12 mm. in fruit), shallowly cupular, lobes 4·5 mm. long, triangular or ovate-lanceolate, usually distinctly acuminate into a sulcate acumen.
Herb or shrub, 1.25 m high. Leaves usually 3-lobed. Pedicels 2-4-nate on common peduncle. Mericarps 10, with long subulate spreading or recurved awns. Flowers yellow to orange.
Mericarps c. 9 × 3 × 2–2·5 mm., 2–3-seeded, ultimately light brown, ± radiate-spreading, pungently long-awned, with subulate curved outwardly spreading awns.
Petals 5–7 mm. long, ciliate at the base and sometimes also at the apex.
Somewhat glandular-tomentose and with spreading hairs
Seeds c. 2 × 2 mm., dark brown, rugulose-papillose.
Staminal tube densely stellate-hairy.
An erect branching perennial
Fruit of about 8 mericarps.
Flowers yellow or whitish
Carpels 2–3-seeded.
Leaves long-stalked
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.63 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the drier parts of tropical Africa. It grows in rocky places and often in light shade. It grows from sea level and up to 1,800 m above sea level.
More
Acacia woodland, riverine forest, degraded forest and fallows at elevations from sea level to 1,800 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses fiber food material medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Central nervous system depressants (unspecified), Parasympatholytics (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Abutilon ramosum world distribution map, present in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Cabo Verde, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, India, Mali, Mozambique, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, Pakistan, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, South Sudan, Chad, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1106776-2
WFO ID wfo-0000512236
COL ID 64B3W
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Sida sparmannioides Abutilon harmsianum Abutilon sparmannioides Sida ramosa Abutilon elaeocarpoides Abutilon ramosum Abutilon sidoides Abutilon ramosum var. chevalieri Abutilon ramosum var. pfundii Abutilon ramosum var. sparmannioides