Acacia cyclops A.Cunn. ex G.Don

Red-eyed wattle (en), Grand-Mimosa cyclope (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Acacia

Characteristics

Shrub to small tree 1–6 m high. Branchlets ±compressed apically, glabrous. Phyllodes ascending, narrowly oblong to elliptic or obovate, ±inequilateral, slightly recurved, 4–9.5 (–11) cm long, (4–) 6–15 (–22) mm wide, obtuse or acute, apiculate, coriaceous, glabrous, with 3 or 4 distant main veins occasionally anatomosing with secondary veins. Inflorescences 2-headed racemes; raceme axes 3–20 mm long, somewhat compressed, glabrous or appressed-puberulous; peduncles mostly 4–12 (–19) mm long, glabrous; heads globular, 5–7 mm diam., often 60–75-flowered, golden. Flowers 5-merous; sepals ½–¾-united. Pods linear, slightly raised over seeds, arcuate before dehiscence, to 15 cm long, 7–15 mm wide, thickly coriaceous, glabrous, persistent after seed-fall. Seeds longitudinal, elliptic, 5–7 mm long, glossy, dark brown to black; funicle enlarged, encircling seed in two folds, orange to scarlet.
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Unarmed shrub or small tree up to 6 m high; young branchlets usually angular and glabrous. Leaves phyllodic, apparently simple, glabrous, 3-9 x 0.6-1.5 cm, narrowly-oblong, usually ± straight, sometimes slightly falcate, obliquely mucronate apically, narrowed basally, with 3-5 prominent longitudinal nerves and anastomosing almost longitudinal veins. Inflorescences globose, solitary or two or three in short axillary racemes. Flowers bright yellow; peduncles up to 7 mm long. Calyx pubescent apically, more than half as long as the corolla. Petals free. Pods brown, 5-15 x 0.8-1.3 cm, oblong, falcate or variously coiled or spirally twisted, flattened, margins not constricted between the seeds, dehiscing longitudinally along both margins. Seeds dark brown, 5-7 x 3-4 mm, smooth, compressed; areole ±4x2 mm; funicle thickened, bright red or orange, encircling the seed in a double fold.
A shrub or tree. It is up to 3 m high. It has a rounded crown. The leaf-like phyllodes are thick and leathery. These flattened leaf stalks are 4-9 cm long. The flower heads are round and yellow. They are 4-7 mm across. They are arranged in groups of 2-3. Each head is made up of several tiny flowers each with 5 lobes. The fruit are pods which are greyish-brown. They are 4-12 cm long. They are thick and leathery. They twist as they dry and open up. This reveals black seeds around red, folded seed stalks. These look like a blood shot eye.
Small tree or shrub, 1.5-6.0 m high. Branches angular, glabrous when young. Leaves phyllodia, apparently simple, green, glabrous, narrowly oblong, straight, 30-90 x 6-15 mm, 3-5 prominent veins, apex obliquely mucronate. Flowers globular heads solitary or, 2 or 3 in short axillary racemes, bright yellow. Flowering time Oct.-Feb. Pod brown, 50-150 x 8-13 mm, curved and twisted, flattened, apex acute, dehiscent; seed funicle thickened, bright red.
Rounded shrub or small tree, 2-4(-6) m tall. Phyllodes narrowly oblong, ± straight, obliquely mucronate, with 3-7 longitudinal veins. Flowers in scattered globose heads on short peduncles, yellow. Pod often in coiled clusters, oblong, undulate or twisted, compressed, leathery. Seed black, with a prominent, fleshy, red aril. Mainly Oct.-May.
Shrub or tree to 4 m. Phyllodes oblong, with 3-7, longitudinal veins, bright green. Flowers in globose heads, bright yellow. Pods flat, undulate or twisted, not constricted between seeds. Seeds black, with prominent, fleshy, red aril.
Unarmed shrub or tree, up to 6 m high. Phyllodes 6-25 mm wide, usually straight, sometimes falcate with anastomosing longitudinal venation between main longitudinal nerves. Flowers bright yellow.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.85 - 4.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.0
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It grows in sandy and limestone soils along the coast in SW regions of Western Australia. It is tolerant of salty conditions. It suits hardiness zones 8-11. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Found mainly in coastal heath or scrubland in loam or sand (often over limestone); at elevations up to 300 metres.
Grows mainly in coastal heath or scrubland in loam or sand (often over limestone).
Light 7-8
Soil humidity 5-10
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 5-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

Acacia cyclops is as drought-tolerant as A. saligna, and is more tolerant to sea spray. It is tolerant of highly saline soils, fide N. Marcar et al., Trees for Saltland 30 (1995). Acacia cyclops is grown mainly to stabilise coastal sand dunes notably in north Africa; although its fodder value is inferior to that of A. saligna it produces a dense, high quality fuelwood, fide M.H. El‑Lakany, in J.W. Turnbull (ed.), Australian Acacias in Developing Countries 116–117 (1987). Further information on the utilisation potential of this species is given in B.R. Maslin & M.W. McDonald, AcaciaSearch: Evaluation of Acacia as a woody crop option for southern Australia, RIRDC Publication No. 30/017, 54–58 (2004).
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The seeds are collected and ground into a powder then mixed with water and baked into cakes. The gum from the stems is also edible. Edible grubs bore into the stems.
Uses animal food environmental use fixation of sand dunes fodder forage fuel gum material medicinal tanning wood
Edible gums seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from treated seed.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Acacia cyclops habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Acacia cyclops leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Acacia cyclops leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Acacia cyclops leaf picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Acacia cyclops fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acacia cyclops world distribution map, present in Australia, Ethiopia, Namibia, Portugal, United States of America, and South Africa

Conservation status

Acacia cyclops threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:470108-1
WFO ID wfo-0000192127
COL ID 8P42
BDTFX ID 118695
INPN ID 717047
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acacia cyclops Acacia eglandulosa Racosperma eglandulosum Acacia cyclopsis Acacia mirbelii