Acacia holosericea A.Cunn.

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Acacia

Characteristics

Unarmed shrub or small tree, 3-6(-9) m high, with spreading branches. Branchlets sharply angled, glabrous, sericeous, or tomentose. Phyllodes straight to falcate, elliptic-oblong to elliptic-lanceolate, 9-21 by 1.5—5(—13) cm, with a thick mucro at the apex, obliquely cuneate at the base, softly silvery sericeous, pulvinus 0.5-1.2 cm, gland at the base of the phyllode, elliptic, with raised margin, c. 3 mm, main vein at the basiscopic margin for a short distance, dividing into 3 or 4 main veins, of which 2 starting from the apex, secondary veins reticulate. Spikes with flowers moderately crowded, 3-7 by c. 0.4 cm, 1-3 together in the upper leaf-axils; peduncles sericeous or tomentose, but rachis glabrescent. Flowers yellow, slightly scented, pentamerous, bi sexual. Calyx, 0.5-0.7 mm, sericeous to tomentose; lobes obtuse, c. 0.15 mm. Corolla c. 1.5-2.1 mm, sparsely sericeous or tomentose, divided nearly to the base, lobes elliptic, acute, c. 1.5 mm. Stamens c. 3-4 mm. Ovary sessile, sericeous. Pod purple brown or blackish, densely contorted, forming curly masses; valves chartace-oi s to subwoody, 2.5-5 mm wide, bullate over the seeds, glabrous or puberulous, veins inconspic-uc us. Seeds rectangular-obovate-elliptic, glossy dark brown, 3.5-5 by 2.5 mm; pleurogram ob-loug, 1.5 mm, open towards the hilum.
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Shrub or tree 3–8 m high. Branchlets acutely angled but normally ± terete by 20–30 cm below apex, usually sericeous, sometimes glabrous. Young shoots silvery sericeous, sometimes glabrous. Phyllodes obliquely narrowly elliptic, 10–20 cm long, normally 2–5 cm wide, with unequal base, usually sericeous; mucro 1–3 mm long; normally 3 prominent veins per face confluent and contiguous with abaxial margin at base; minor veins forming a somewhat open longitudinally orientated reticulum; glands basal and at base of mucro on at least some phyllodes. Inflorescences rudimentary racemes with axes to 0.5 mm long; peduncles 3–7 mm long, sericeous, sometimes glabrous; spikes normally 2–4 cm long, golden; bracteoles linear-spathulate, 1–1.5 mm long. Flowers 5-merous; sepals united. Pods tightly and often somewhat irregularly coiled, 2.5–4 mm wide, thinly crustaceous to coriaceous-crustaceous, ± glabrous, remaining as entangled clumps following dehiscence. Seeds longitudinal, oblong-elliptic, 3.5 mm long, shiny, dark brown; aril bright yellow.
A straggling spreading shrub. It keeps its leaves throughout the year. It can grow up to 2-8 m tall. It can spread to 4 m across. The branches are angular and hairy. The bark is smooth and grey. The leaves (phyllodes) are grey green and silvery white. They are carried one after the other along the stem. In wetter locations the leaves are larger and darker green. They are 10-18 (-25) cm long and 1-2 (-9) cm wide. They have 2 or 3 clearly seen veins. These veins run along the leaf and join towards the base. The tip of the leaf has a thick sharp point. The flowers are yellow spikes 3-6 cm long. The flowers are slightly scented. The pods are produced in tight clusters. They are twisted and curled when mature. They are 3-5 cm long by 0.2-0.5 cm wide. The seeds are small and black. Where the seed is attached to the pod it is yellow or red.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 4.0
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 6.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in the Kimberleys in Western Australia and also in Queensland. It is often along the edges of streams. It is a tropical plant but adapts to sub tropical places. It is damaged by drought and frost. It often starts the re-growth when an area is cleared. It needs a sunny position. It grows in areas with annual rainfall between 230-2250 mm. It usually grows below 300 m above sea level. It grows in areas with annual average temperatures between 20°-29°C. It can grow in arid places.
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Gravelly sand or loam, commonly forming communities along watercourses. Usually grows in open forest but sometimes found in monsoon forest and vine thickets, at elevations up to 900 metres.
Grows in sometimes gravelly sand or loam, commonly forming communities along watercourses.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The seeds are eaten. The seeds are ground into flour then cooked as flat bread. The roots of young plants are roasted and eaten. The clear gum can also be eaten.
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In India and Africa a source of fuel, charcoal, fodder and nutritious food (roasted seeds) (Beasley 2009: 30). Used in land rehabilitation.
Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use fodder food fuel gene source gum material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible fruits gums pods roots seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed. The seed needs treatment to break the hard seed coat. Normally this is by putting the seeds in very hot water and letting the water cool down overnight then planting the seeds immediately. Plants can be pruned to control the straggly growth. To avoid fungal growth on the leaves, spacing and placement should be arranged to allow ample air movement.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 24 - 32
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Acacia holosericea world distribution map, present in Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Philippines, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:470951-1
WFO ID wfo-0000205482
COL ID 8PDQ
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447336
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acacia holosericea Acacia multispirea