Acacia longifolia (Andrews) Willd.

Sydney golden wattle (en), Mimosa chenille (fr), Acacia doré de Sydney (fr), Acacia à feuilles longues (fr), Acacia à longues feuilles (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Acacia

Characteristics

Unarmed shrub or tree to 8 m high; young branchlets angular, glabrous or the young shoots minutely pubescent. Leaves phyllodic, apparently simple, glabrous, 6-18 x 0.7-2 cm, linear-lanceolate or narrowly oblong to oblanceolate, straight or almost so, mucronate apically, sometimes obliquely so, narrowed basally, with 2-5 prominent longitudinal nerves and faintly or conspicuously anastomosing almost longitudinal veins between the nerves. Inflorescences spicate, axillary, solitary or in pairs; spikes up to 4 cm long. Flowers bright yellow, sessile. Calyx very short. Corolla glabrous. Pods brown, 7-14 x 0.4-0.6 cm, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, margins constricted between the seeds, dehiscing longitudinally along both margins, valves longitudinally wrinkled or striate, acuminate apically, glabrous. Seeds dark brownish-black, 4-7 x ±2.5 mm, more or less oblong, smooth, compressed; areole ±3.5 x 1.5 mm; funicle not much folded, thickened almost from the base into a small ± cupular aril enclosing the apex of the seed.
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Shrub or erect tree, (0.5–) 1–10 m high, 1–25 m wide, spreading. Branchlets glabrous. Stipules deltate, less than 1 mm long or obscure. Phyllodes elliptic to very narrowly elliptic (to ±linear), sometimes obovate to oblanceolate, 4–25 cm long, 10–35 mm wide, acute to rounded-obtuse, sometimes abruptly contracted at apex into mucro, with 2–4 prominent primary veins; secondary veins frequently anastomosing, prominent; margin yellow; gland (1–) 3–8 (–10) mm above pulvinus; pulvinus 2–4 mm long. Inflorescences simple, solitary or twinned; receptacles glabrous; spikes 2–5 cm long; peduncles mostly ±absent; bracteoles caducous, cucullate, 0.3–0.5 mm long, with ciliate margin. Flowers 4-merous; sepals united. Pods cylindrical or subcylindrical, sometimes ±moniliform, 5–15 cm long, 3–6 (–7) mm wide, commonly firmly coriaceous. Seeds elliptic, sometimes irregularly shaped, 4–6 mm long, shiny; funicle folded several times into a thickened lateral skirt-like aril.
Unarmed shrub or tree, up to 10 m high. Branchlets acutely trigonous, older ones angular and ribbed, glabrous. Phyllodes variable as to shape and size, oblong-lanceolate to narrowly linear, straight or slightly curved, 4-16 by 0.3-2.5 cm, acute or obtuse, with 1-5 main veins, secondary veins anastomosing. Spikes loose and interrupted, 1-3 in the distal leaf-axils, 2-5 cm. Flowers yellow, fragrant, tetramerous, bisexual. Pod linear, straight or slightly curved, 2.5-15 by 0.5-0.6 cm, valves coriaceous, convex over the seeds, usually contracted in between. Seeds longitudinal, funicle not folded, thickened almost from the base into a turbinate, almost cup-shaped aril at the base of the seed and sometimes nearly as large.
An evergreen tree. It can be a slender tree or large bushy shrub. It grows to 5 m high and spreads to 3 m wide. The crown is an irregular shape. The stem is straight and erect. The bark is smooth and dull grey. The leaves (phyllodes) are pale green and rigid. They are 15 cm long with veins which run along the leaf. The flowers are golden rods. They occur in large fluffy cylindrical spikes. These can be 5 cm long. The pods are light brown. They are curled and twisted. The pods are constricted between the seeds.
Tree or shrub, 1.5-8.0 m high, stems with spherical galls caused by an introduced wasp. Leaves phyllodia, apparently simple, bright green, glabrous, oblong, 60-180 x 7-20 mm, 2-5 prominent longitudinal veins. Flowers in axillary cylindrical spikes, bright yellow. Pod brown, 70-140 x 4-6 mm, cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, glabrous; margins constricted between seeds, apices acute, dehiscent, valves wrinkled. Flowering time July-Sept.
Small, resprouting tree to 6 m. Phyllodes oblong, with 3-5, longitudinal veins, bright green. Flowers in cylindrical spikes, bright yellow. Pods cylindrical, constricted between seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 2.75 - 3.5
Mature height (meter) 6.0 - 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 0.6
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a subtropical and temperate plant. It occurs naturally in Australia in southern regions. It prefers a well drained soil. It needs an open sunny position. It can resist drought and frost. It is subject to insect attack and wind damage. It does well in moist acid soils. It suits hardiness zones 9-11. Melbourne Botanical Gardens. Tasmania Herbarium. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Sandy soils mainly by the coast. Grows in a wide range of sclerophyll communities (heathlands to woodlands and tall forests), usually on sandstone and basalt-or granite-derived soils.
Sandy soils mainly by the coast. Grows in a wide range of sclerophyll communities (heathlands to woodlands and tall forests), usually on sandstone and basalt-or granite-derived soils.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 5-8
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 4-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

The seeds are eaten. The green seeds are steamed in the pod. The gum is edible. An edible grub often occurs in the roots.
Uses cover plant dye environmental use fixation of sand dunes food gene source gum manure material medicinal ornamental tanning wood
Edible flowers gums pods seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It is grown from seed. The seed need treatment to break the hard seed coat. Normally this is by putting the seeds in very hot water and letting the water cool down overnight then planting the seeds immediately.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 26
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Acacia longifolia habit picture by Collados Ana (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia habit picture by Suarez Ana Paula (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Acacia longifolia leaf picture by Renaud Brochiero (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia leaf picture by patricia eeckeleers (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia leaf picture by A. Costa (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acacia longifolia flower picture by Lauren Hollowsy (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia flower picture by Dario (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia flower picture by Cárol (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Acacia longifolia fruit picture by Aquiles (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia fruit picture by Arturo Castellano (cc-by-sa)
Acacia longifolia fruit picture by Collados Ana (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acacia longifolia world distribution map, present in Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Colombia, Dominican Republic, France, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Italy, Kenya, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mauritius, New Zealand, Portugal, Réunion, Uruguay, United States of America, Viet Nam, and South Africa

Conservation status

Acacia longifolia threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:470782-1
WFO ID wfo-0000210768
COL ID 8PKQ
BDTFX ID 103
INPN ID 79698
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acacia trigonocarpa Acacia foliosa Mimosa longifolia Acacia thegonocarpa Racosperma longifolium Acacia decussata Racosperma longifolium Phyllodoce longifolia Mimosa macrostachya Cuparilla sophorina Acacia longifolia var. longifolia Acacia longifolia var. typica Acacia longifolia subsp. longifolia Acacia longifolia var. latifolia Acacia longifolia var. angustata Acacia longifolia var. bylongensis Acacia longifolia var. lanceolata Acacia longifolia var. prostrata Acacia longifolia