Acaena novae-zelandiae Kirk

Biddy-biddy (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Acaena

Characteristics

Plants creeping or stoloniferous. Stems to 15 dm, 1.5–2 mm diam.; branches erect, ?short?, leafy. Leaves: stipules 3–5-fid; petiole 0.3–1 cm; blade 2–11 cm, leaflets 4–7 per side, bright shining green, oblong or elliptic, 4–17 mm, margins crenate-dentate, teeth 8–15, ?smooth adaxially?, abaxial surface glaucescent, usually pilose on veins and margins, adaxial sparsely pilose. Scapes axillary, 10–15 cm, 1–2 mm diam., ?smooth?, lacking both cauline leaves and multicelled hairs. Inflorescences 80–100-flowered, globose heads (9 mm diam. in flower, 20–35 mm diam. in fruit); bracteoles linear, pilose. Flowers 3.5 mm diam.; sepals 4, triangular, 1.5 mm, abaxially pilose, adaxially glabrous; stamens 2(or 3), filaments 1.5–2 mm, anthers white; stigma white, fimbriate. Fruiting hypanthia obtriangular, 3.5–5 mm diam., surfaces sericeous, 4-angled, each angle with a slender spine at apex, ?red, sometimes lemon yellow?, 7–12 mm, spines with 4–10 translucent, retrorse barbs 0.5 mm at apex, ?surfaces glabrous?. 2n = 42 (New Zealand).
More
Stoloniferous perennial; prostrate stems 1.5-2 mm diam., < 1.5 m long; erect stems 1-2 mm diam., < 15 cm long or longer when scrambling on supporting vegetation. Lvs 2-11 cm long; stipules entire to 5-fid; leaflets 9-15, oblong, 4-17 × 2-10 mm, 8-15-toothed, bright, shining green (rachis often red) and glabrous or sparsely hairy on upper surface, glaucescent and sparsely or densely hairy on veins and margins on lower surface; teeth appearing crenate because of recurved margins. Scape 10-15 cm long, pilose; capitulum c. 9 mm diam. at flowering, < 3.5 cm diam. (including spines) at fruiting; florets c. 80-100-(120); sepals 4; stamens usually 2, rarely 3; anthers white; style 1, white; achene 1. Fr. obconic, c. 4 × 1.7 mm, hairy; spines 4, red, 7.5-12 mm long, barbed, occasionally with stunted subsidiary spines on side of fr.
Main stems stout, woody, creeping and rooting, up to 1m. long; branches ascending, stout, c. 5-10 cm. long, pilose. Lvs 5-10 cm. or more long, petioles silky-pilose, lflts 11-15. Stipules obliquely lanceolate, c. 6-8 mm. long, 3-4-fid. Upper lflts 12-15 mm. long, elliptic to obovate-oblong, subsessile, subserrate-crenate, vivid dark green and glab. above, pale below and pilose on veins; terminal lflt on petiolule c. 3 mm. long. Scapes c. 10 cm. long, stout, with or without one or more pairs of bracts. Heads, including spines, c. 3·5 cm. diam. sts smaller; bractlets linear, c. 4 mm. long. Cupules obconic, tetragonous, pilose, c. 3-4 mm. long. Spines c. 1 cm. long, occ. shorter, dark purple. Sepals lanceolate to broad-lanceolate, ± pilose below. Stamens 2, anthers white, stigma plumose.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination anemogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.13
Root system creeping-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Open positions from lowland to the montane zone in North, South and Stewart Islands of New Zealand.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

Uses gene source medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 100
Germination temperacture (C°) 14 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Acaena novae-zelandiae leaf picture by Genghis Attenborough (cc-by-sa)
Acaena novae-zelandiae leaf picture by Genghis Attenborough (cc-by-sa)
Acaena novae-zelandiae leaf picture by Diego Alex (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acaena novae-zelandiae flower picture by Mary Graham (cc-by-sa)
Acaena novae-zelandiae flower picture by Genghis Attenborough (cc-by-sa)
Acaena novae-zelandiae flower picture by Genghis Attenborough (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acaena novae-zelandiae world distribution map, present in Australia, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:720063-1
WFO ID wfo-0001004320
COL ID 8QGD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acaena novae-zelandiae Acaena sanguisorbae subsp. novae-zelandiae