Acalypha arvensis Poepp.

Field copperleaf (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha

Characteristics

Herb ca 2-5 dm high; stems moderately to densely pubescent with ? incurved, appressed hairs, gland-tipped hairs absent. Leaves membranaceous; petioles densely pubescent, mostly 1-2.5 cm long; stipules lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent, ca 1.5-2.5 mm long; blades ovate, mostly 3-6 cm long, 1.5-3 cm broad, strigose-hirsute above, glabrate beneath except on the veins, 5-veined at base, the base cuneate, the margins crenate-serrate (12-18 teeth on a side), the apex acute. Spikes all axillary; 9 spikes with peduncles 6-12 mm long, ellipsoidal to short-cylindric, ca (1-) 1.5-2 cm long, 1-1.5 cm broad, usually with a terminal projection 4-7 mm long bearing 5-10 nodes of male flowers (and occasionally a terminating ebracteate female flower); male spikes densely pubescent, uninterrupted, ca 5-20 mm long, with peduncles 3-25 mm long. Pistillate flowers solitary, sessile; bracts hispid with sharp hairs ca 0.5-1.5 mm long and slender gland-tipped hairs (ca 0.5-1 mm long), 4-8 mm long, with 5 lobes (plus occasionally 1 or 2 smaller extra lobes), the longer central lobes mostly (1.5-)2.5-5 mm long, deltoid with a green subulate tip 0.8-3 mm long; ovary apically 3-carinate, hispidulous, not glandular, the styles 1.7-4 mm long, with 3-5 distal branches. Capsules sharply carinate, hispid to hispidulous; seeds ellipsoidal, smooth (minutely foveolate), grayish, 1.2-1.3 mm long, the caruncle 0.4-0.6 mm long.
More
Herbs, annual, 2–8 dm, monoecious. Stems erect to ascending, short-pubescent and densely [sparsely] hirsute. Leaves: petiole 0.5–4 cm, not stipitate-glandular; blade rhombic-ovate to rhombic-lanceolate, 2–9(–12) × 1.2–5(–6.5) cm, base cuneate to rounded, margins serrate, apex obtuse to acute. Inflorescences unisexual or bisexual, axillary; staminate peduncle 0.3–2.5 cm, not stipitate-glandular, fertile portion 1.5–3[–6] cm; pistillate peduncle 0.4–3 cm, not stipitate-glandular, fertile portion 2.5–4[–8] × 1–2 cm; bisexual similar to pistillate, with staminate portion 0.4–0.7 cm; allomorphic pistillate flowers common, terminal on pistillate and bisexual inflorescences. Pistillate bracts (normal flowers) very densely crowded (inflorescence axis not visible between bracts), 6–12 × 4–6 mm, abaxial surface long-hirsute (hairs to 2 mm) and stipitate-glandular; lobes 3–7, proximally deltate with linear tips, 1/2–2/3 bract length, smooth; of allomorphic flowers absent. Pedicels of allomorphic flowers rudimentary if borne above staminate flowers or 10–18 mm if borne above normal pistillate flowers. Pistillate flowers: pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), (1–)2-carpellate (allomorphic flowers); styles multifid or laciniate. Capsules smooth, hispidulous; allomorphic fruits ovoid, 1.5–1.6 × 1.2–1.3 mm, muricate, sparsely to densely puberulent. Seeds 1.1–1.5 mm, minutely pitted.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Moist or wet thickets, fields, or banks, often a weed in cultivated or waste ground, frequent on sandbars along streams; at elevations up to 1,500 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Acalypha arvensis habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Acalypha arvensis habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Acalypha arvensis habit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Leaf

Acalypha arvensis leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Fruit

Acalypha arvensis fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Acalypha arvensis fruit picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)

Distribution

Acalypha arvensis world distribution map, present in Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1115-2
WFO ID wfo-0000327404
COL ID 8RQD
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 631241
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ricinocarpus arvensis Acalypha capitellata Acalypha pavoniana Acalypha arvensis var. belangeri Acalypha arvensis var. pavoniana Acalypha arvensis var. genuina Acalypha arvensis