Acalypha australis L.

Asian copperleaf (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha

Characteristics

Herbs, annual, 3–6 dm, monoecious. Stems erect, densely to sparsely pilose. Leaves: petiole 0.5–4 cm; blade ovate to broadly lanceolate, 2–8 × 1.5–4 cm, base cuneate to obtuse, margins serrate, apex acute to short-acuminate. Inflorescences bisexual, axillary; peduncle 0.5–4(–6) cm, pistillate portion 1–2 × 1.5–2.5 cm or pistillate bract solitary, staminate portion 0.5–3 cm; allomorphic pistillate flowers rare, when present replacing staminate part of inflorescence. Pistillate bracts (normal flowers) loosely arranged (inflorescence axis visible between bracts) or solitary, 10–15(–20) × 8–12 mm, abaxial surface sparsely pubescent; lobes 12–15, rounded, 1/20 bract length; of allomorphic flowers absent. Pedicels of allomorphic flowers rudimentary. Pistillate flowers: pistil 3-carpellate (normal flowers), 2-carpellate (allomorphic flowers); styles multifid or laciniate. Capsules muricate, pubescent; allomorphic fruits obovoid, 2 × 1.2 mm, muricate, pubescent. Seeds 1.5–1.8 mm, minutely pitted.
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Annual herbs, 0.2-0.5 m tall, monoecious. Branchlets pilose. Stipules lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm; petiole 2-6 cm; leaf blade oblong-ovate, ± rhombic-ovate, or broadly lanceolate, 3-9 × 1-5 cm, membranous, abaxially pilosulose along veins, adaxially glabrous, base cuneate, rarely obtuse, crenate, apex shortly acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, rarely terminal, unbranched, 1.5-5 cm, pilosulose, bisexual; peduncle 0.5-3 cm; female bracts proximal, 1 or 2(-4), ovate, cordate, accrescent to 1.4-2.5 × 1-2 cm in fruit, pilose, margin crenate; male portion distal, short to almost capitate, slender; bracts ovate, ca. 0.5 mm. Male flowers 5-7 per bract; pedicel ca. 0.5 mm; calyx segments 4, ca. 0.5 mm; stamens (7 or)8. Female flowers 1-3 per bract, sessile; sepals 3, narrowly ovate, 0.5-1 mm, pilose; ovary pilose; styles 3, ca. 2 mm, 5-7-laciniate. Capsule 3-locular, ca. 4 mm in diam., pilose and tuberculate. Seeds subovoid, 1.5-2 mm, smooth. Fl. and fr. Apr-Dec.
Herb, wiry, to 150 mm high. Leaves eglandular; lamina ovate to obovate, 9–85 mm long, 5–40 mm wide; base cuneate; margin shallowly crenate; tip acute; venation palminerved with 3 veins from base and 2–4 lateral veins per side of midrib. Inflorescences axillary and solitary, racemose-spicate; with 1 or 2 (–4) female bracts, 7–15 mm wide. Male flowers with sepals lanceolate, 0.4–0.5 mm long; stamens 8. Female flowers ± sessile; sepals lanceolate, c. 0.8 mm long; styles 1–2.5 mm long, clear to brownish. Fruit depressed-globose, c. 1.8 mm long, 2 mm diam. Seeds ovoid, 1.7–1.8 mm long, 1.1–1.3 mm wide.
A herb. It grows 10-50 cm tall. The leaves are sword shaped and 3-9 cm long by 1-5 cm wide. The flowers are in groups in the axils of leaves. There are 1-3 female flowers and 5-7 male flowers in
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.38 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Waste places and cultivated fields in lowland areas all over Japan. Disturbed habitats such as cultivated fields, roadsides and riverbanks.
More
Locally common in open disturbed habitats and gardens; at elevations from sea-level up to 1,500 metres.
It is a temperate plant. It grows between 100-1,200 m above sea level.
Disturbed areas near habitation.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-12

Usage

Uses medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Snake bites (leaf), Alexiteric (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Eczema (unspecified), Enteritis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Nausea (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Hemostat (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Cough (whole plant), Dermatitis (whole plant), Diarrhea (whole plant), Dysentery (whole plant), Epistaxis (whole plant), Inflammation (whole plant), Tuberculosis, lymph node (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Acalypha australis leaf picture by 道草 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acalypha australis flower picture by 道草 (cc-by-sa)
Acalypha australis flower picture by 道草 (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acalypha australis world distribution map, present in Australia, Bulgaria, Chile, China, Indonesia, India, Italy, Japan, Korea (Republic of), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Turks and Caicos Islands, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:337182-1
WFO ID wfo-0000333666
COL ID 8RQG
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acalypha australis f. glareosa Acalypha australis Ricinocarpus australis Meterana dimidiata Acalypha chinensis Acalypha gemina Acalypha pauciflora Acalypha australis f. lanceolata Acalypha minima Acalypha lanceolata Acalypha virgata Urtica gemina Acalypha australis var. glareosa Acalypha australis var. lanceolata Acalypha australis var. velutina Acalypha gemina var. lanceolata Acalypha indica var. minima Acalypha pauciflora var. glareosa Acalypha australis f. velutina Acalypha sessilis