Acalypha wilkesiana Müll.Arg.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Acalypha

Characteristics

Shrubs, 20–50 dm, monoecious. Stems erect, sparsely to densely pubescent, not glandular. Leaves persistent; petiole 1–6 cm; blade ovate to broadly ovate or suborbiculate, 9–20 × 4–15 cm, base obtuse to rounded or subcordate, margins serrate-crenate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences usually unisexual, rarely bisexual, axillary; staminate peduncle 0.1–1.5 cm, fertile portion 10–20 cm; pistillate peduncle 1–2 cm, fertile portion 4–15 × 0.5–0.8 cm; bisexual similar to staminate, with 1–2 pistillate bracts near base; allomorphic pistillate flowers absent. Pistillate bracts loosely arranged (inflorescence axis visible between bracts), 2–4 × 3–5 mm, abaxial surface sparsely to moderately pubescent; lobes 7–9, ovate to lanceolate, 1/4 bract length, except terminal lobe to 1/2 bract length. Pistillate flowers: pistil 3-carpellate; styles multifid or laciniate. Capsules unknown. Seeds unknown.
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Shrubs, 1-3 m tall, monoecious. Young branchlets pubescent. Stipules narrowly triangular, ca. 8 mm; petiole 2-3 mm, pilose; leaf blade broadly ovate, 10-18 × 6-12 cm, often colored or red-or purple spotted, abaxially pilose along veins, base obtuse, margin coarsely crenate, apex acuminate; basal veins 3-5. Inflorescences axillary, unbranched, unisexual. Male flowers 9-17, glomerate; inflorescences 10-20 cm, pilose; bracts lax, ovate, ca. 1 mm; pedicel ca. 1 cm; sepals 4, ovate, ca. 0.7 mm; stamens 8. Female flowers 1(or 2) in each bract, sessile; inflorescences 5-10 cm; peduncle ca. 2 cm; bracts broadly ovate, ca. 5 × 8 mm, 7-11-serrate; sepals 3 or 4, ovate-lanceolate, 0.5-1 mm, ciliate; ovary pubescent; styles 3, 6-7 mm, 9-15-laciniate. Capsule ca. 4 mm in diam., sparsely villous. Seeds globose, ca. 2 mm in diam., smooth. Fl. year-round.
An evergreen shrub. It grows 3 m high and spreads 2 m across. The stem is erect with many branches. The branches have fine hairs. It has a closely arranged crown. The leaves are coppery green with red splashes of colour. This gives them a mottled appearance. The leaves are large and broad with teeth around the edge. They can be 10-20 cm long and 15 cm wide. The leaves are finely hairy. They can be flat or crinkled. The flowers are reddish in spikes at the end of branches. They have separate male and female flowers on the same plant. The male flowers are in long spikes which hang downwards while the female flowers are in short spikes. They do not show up easily as they are often hidden among the leaves. The flower stalks are 10-20 cm long.
Shrub, erect, spreading, to 2 m high. Branchlets: lenticels absent; flaky bark absent. Leaves eglandular; lamina ovate, 70–250 mm long, 50–150 mm wide; base cordate, cuneate or obtuse; margin crenate; tip acute to short acuminate; venation palminerved with 5 veins from base and 9–12 lateral veins per side of midrib further up the lamina. Inflorescences axillary and single, racemose or spicate, usually unisexual. Male flowers: sepals lanceolate, 0.8–0.9 mm long; stamens 8. Female flowers ± sessile: sepals lanceolate-ovate, 1–1.2 mm long; styles 2.5–9 mm long, red. Fruit depressed-globose, 2.5–2.7 mm long, 3–3.2 mm diam. Seeds oblong, c. 2 mm long, 1.3 mm wide.
Leaf blades usually up to 15 × 10 cm, sometimes larger, elliptic-ovate to broadly ovate, obtusely acuminate at the apex, crenate-dentate on the margins, cuneate or rounded at the base, 5–7-nerved from the base, membranous, sparingly pubescent along the midrib and main veins on both surfaces at first, later glabrescent, green, copper or bronze and variously variegated with purple, red, pink, cream-coloured or white, or else pink-, cream-or white-margined; lateral nerves in 6–10 pairs.
Female spikes up to 7 cm long, lax flowered; bracts c. 5 × 4 mm, ± ovate, later accrescent, dentate, with 3–6 teeth on each side, sparingly pubescent to subglabrous, 1-flowered.
Female flowers sessile; sepals 3–4, 1 mm long, ovate, subacute; ovary 1.5 mm in diameter, subglobose, tomentose; styles c. 6 mm long, united at the base, deeply laciniate, red.
Inflorescences axillary, usually solitary, spicate, unisexual, on the same or different shoots.
Male spikes up to 12 cm long, densely but interruptedly flowered; bracts minute, many-flowered.
A densely branched rounded shrub mostly 1–2 m tall, monoecious, tomentellous to pubescent.
Male flowers sessile or ± so; buds tetragonal, subglabrous, reddish; anthers yellowish.
Stipules 7 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, acutely acuminate.
Fruits 1.5–2 × 4 mm, 3-lobed, pubescent.
Seeds not set in Africa.
Petioles 1–5 cm long.
Life form
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0 - 1.5
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical and subtropical plant. A plant which grows naturally in Vanuatu. It occurs in the Pacific Islands. It prefers light well drained soil. It suits a protected shady position. It is damaged by both drought and frost. It needs a minimum temperature above 10°C. It can grow in arid places. It suits hardiness zones 9-12.
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Edges of forests and along the sides of roads; at elevations from 400-450 metres.
Disturbed areas near habitation.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 3-5
Soil texture -
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Widely cultivated throughout the tropics for its decorative leaves (Green 1994: 231). The leaves, which are often variegated, may be used for wrapping bananas by the Torres Strait Islanders.
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The cooked young leaves are eaten. The leaves are rich in protein. They are used in stews.
Uses animal food environmental use food medicinal poison
Edible flowers leaves shoots stems
Therapeutic use Anti-infective agents (leaf), Headache (unspecified), Bactericide (unspecified), Cold (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Testicle (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. It can be grown from hardwood cuttings taken when growth is less vigorous. It forms a suitable hedge plant.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Acalypha wilkesiana leaf picture by Vishwanath Krishnaswamy (cc-by-sa)
Acalypha wilkesiana leaf picture by TJ R (cc-by-sa)
Acalypha wilkesiana leaf picture by Neville Dmello (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acalypha wilkesiana flower picture by PATRICK PREVOST (cc-by-sa)
Acalypha wilkesiana flower picture by PATRICK PREVOST (cc-by-sa)
Acalypha wilkesiana flower picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acalypha wilkesiana world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, China, Cook Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Ecuador, Fiji, Guinea, Haiti, Indonesia, Jamaica, Madagascar, Norfolk Island, Pakistan, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Rwanda, Solomon Islands, Thailand, Tonga, Tuvalu, United States of America, and Vanuatu

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:337939-1
WFO ID wfo-0000254905
COL ID 8SJB
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 452859
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acalypha wilkesiana f. illustris Acalypha wilkesiana f. monstrosa Acalypha triumphans Ricinocarpus wilkesianus Acalypha godseffiana Acalypha compacta Acalypha hamiltoniana Acalypha illustris Acalypha macafeeana Acalypha macrophylla Acalypha marginata Acalypha tricolor Acalypha circinata Acalypha wilkesiana f. appendiculata Acalypha wilkesiana var. marginata Acalypha amentacea subsp. wilkesiana Acalypha godseffiana var. heterophylla Acalypha torta Acalypha tricolor Acalypha wilkesiana f. macrophylla Acalypha wilkesiana f. triumphans Acalypha amentacea f. circinata Acalypha wilkesiana f. circinata Acalypha wilkesiana