Acanthocereus tetragonus (L.) Hummelinck

Barbed-wire cactus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Cactaceae > Acanthocereus

Characteristics

Shrubs, clambering or arching-reclining, branched near base, sometimes with well-developed trunks. Stems dark green, growing to 200 cm per season; ribs from base to rib crest 3-5 cm, less than 1 cm thick. Spines abruptly thickened at base, extremely variable. Flowers 14-20 cm; flower tube 8-15 cm, ± tuberculate, areoles few, usually 1 spine per areole; outer tepals narrowly lanceolate to linear, 3.5-4 cm, apex acuminate; inner tepals broadly linear, 3.5-4.5 cm, apex acuminate; ovary with small scales and usually 3-5 diverging spines per areole. Fruits bright red, ovoid to oblong, 30-80(-100) mm, slightly tuberculate, shiny, edible, sweet. 2n = 22 [as A. pentagonus (Linnaeus) Britton & Rose].
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Plants clambering or arching-reclining or sometimes tall and columnar, branched near base, sometimes with well-developed trunks. Stems to 5 m long, 6–8 cm diam., little-jointed, 3-angled (4-or 5-ridged on juvenile plants); margins coarsely crenate. Areoles 2–3 cm apart, grey. Spines 4–7, radial, 2–40 mm long and 1 or 2 central spines 15–50 mm long, brown, becoming grey with age, needle to awl-like, very variable. Flowers 15–25 cm long, 8–10 cm diam.; pericarpel and hypanthium with areoles bearing spines and brown wool; petaloid lobes white. Fruit ovoid to obloid, 3–8 cm long, 2.5–7 cm diam., slightly tuberculate, red; pulp pink. Seeds 3–4 mm long, black.
A tall cactus. It forms columns. It can be 5 m high. The branches are dark green. They are 6-7 cm across. There are 3-5 angular ribs. There are groups of spines 2-3 cm apart. These spots are greyish. There are 6-8 spines in a ring and they are 1-2.5 cm long. There are 1 or 2 central spines 4 cm long. The flowers are white with greenish outer segments. The flowers are 20 cm long. The flowers open at night. The fruit are bright red and shiny and can be round or oblong. They are about 5 cm long. The flesh is juicy and red with many small black seeds.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 3.0 - 5.0
Root system fibrous-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It grows in sandy soils in dense thickets. It grows up to 10 m above sea level. It needs bright light. It needs a temperature above 13°C.
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Sandy soils of dense thickets, hammocks, bottomlands of coastal areas, at elevations from sea level to 10 metres.
Recorded from disturbed Brigalow (Acacia harpophylla) forest on clay, and river flats.
Light 6-8
Soil humidity 2-5
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

The ripe fruit are eaten raw. They are sweet. The tender stems are cooked and eaten.
Uses eating environmental use food hedge material medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers fruits stems
Therapeutic use Diuretic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds and cuttings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Acanthocereus tetragonus leaf picture by Nelson Zamora Villalobos (cc-by-nc)
Acanthocereus tetragonus leaf picture by Lemaire Romain (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acanthocereus tetragonus world distribution map, present in Australia, Barbados, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Grenada, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Philippines, El Salvador, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Conservation status

Acanthocereus tetragonus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID -
WFO ID wfo-0000513101
COL ID 64CN9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 629005
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Cereus dussii Acanthocereus baxaniensis Acanthocereus colombianus Acanthocereus horridus Acanthocereus occidentalis Acanthocereus pentagonus Acanthocereus pitajaya Cactus prismaticus Cactus reptans Cereus baxaniensis Cereus horribilis Cereus nitidus Cereus pentagonus Cereus ramosus Acanthocereus princeps Acanthocereus subinermis Acanthocereus tetragonus Cactus pentagonus Cereus tetragonus Cereus acutangulus Cereus princeps Cereus prismaticus Cereus reptans Cereus sirul Cereus undulatus Cactus pitajaya Cereus prismaticus Cereus babosus Cactus tetragonus Acanthocereus acutangulus Acanthocereus floridanus Cereus pitajaya Acanthocereus tetragonus var. micracanthus Cereus tetragonus var. major Cereus tetragonus var. minor Cereus tetragonus var. ramosior Cereus pentagonus Cereus variabilis Cereus vasmerii