Acanthospermum hispidum Dc.

Hispid starbur (en), Hispid Starbur (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Acanthospermum

Characteristics

Annual herb, 0.3–1.3 m high, erect; stem branching regularly and dichotomously, hispid.. Leaves oblong or obovate, 1–12 cm long, 0.5–8 cm wide, base cuneate, margins subentire to coarsely dentate, apex obtuse to acute, hispid and gland-dotted on both surfaces; petiole absent or short.. Capitula sessile in leaf axils or at the branching point of stems, enlarging in fruit; involucre ± 7 mm long; phyllaries ciliate, the inner with soft spiny processes enlarging in fruit.. Ray florets pale yellow, elliptic, 1.5–2 mm long; disc florets darker yellow, 1.5–2.5 mm long, glandular-puberulous.. Achenes enclosed in the enlarged inner phyllaries, the whole 5–6 mm long with two 4–5 mm long hooked spines at the apex, shorter hooked spines all over fruit.. Fig. 165 (page 767).
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Stems erect, 40–60 (–100) cm high. Leaves sessile, ovate to elliptic, 20–125 mm long, 10–45 mm wide, sometimes reduced near inflorescence, usually attenuate at base, shallowly serrate to crenulate, pubescent, pilose on both sides; glands sparse on upper surface, numerous on lower surface. Capitula on peduncle to 25 mm long; outer involucral bracts usually 5, elliptic to ovate, 4–5 mm long; inner bracts longer, usually 7 or 8. Ray florets 5–8, shorter than bracts and disc florets. Disc florets c. 7 or 8. Conceptacles cuneate, compressed, 4–7 mm long, with ribs weak or absent, with straight or slightly hooked prickles on body and 2 divergent spines at apex, densely or sparsely sticky-glandular.
Bushy erect annual herb usually c. 0.3-0.5 m tall, branches leafy. Leaves opposite, oblong or obovate, up to 10 x 4 cm, mostly sessile, margins subentire, repand-dentate or coarsely toothed, both surfaces hispid and gland-dotted. Heads axillary, sessile, 3-5 mm across in flower, up to 18 mm across in fruit. Fertile achenes radiating from the disc, each achene enveloped in an enlarged inner involucral bract forming a wedge-shaped fruit c. 6 mm long, covered in short hooked spines and crowned with 2 long, divergent, curved or straight spines. In fruit from about December to June.
Annual herbs, coarse, erect, to 1.3 m tall. Stems poorly branched, hispid. Leaves sessile or shortly petiolate; blade oblong or obovate, 10-100 × 5-40 mm, both surfaces hispid and gland-dotted, margin subentire and repand-or coarsely dentate. Capitula ± sessile. Achenes compressed and wedge-shaped, narrowing toward base, 5-6 mm with 2 divergent terminal spines 4-5 mm, straight or somewhat hooked; fruit body covered with shorter, hooked spines. Fl. Jun-Jul, fr. Aug-Oct.
A herb. It grows 50-130 cm high. It grows each year from seed. It has many branches and grows each year from seed. It is hairy or thorny. The leaves are opposite and oval. They can have small teeth long the edge. The flowers are small and yellow with spiny bracts. they are clustered in heads. The fruit are flattened and triangle shaped. They are covered in stiff, hooked hairs. There are a pair of spines at the top.
Plants 10–60+ cm. Stems erect. Leaf blades rhombic-ovate to obovate, (20–)40–120(–150+) mm, faces finely pilosulous, gland-dotted. Fruits ± compressed, ± cuneate to obovate, 4–6+ mm, not notably ribbed, terminal spines 2, divergent, 3–4 mm, often 1 ± uncinate, prickles seldom notably uncinate, ± scattered. 2n = 22.
Erect annual herb, 300-500 mm tall. Leaves and stems hispid. Fruit wedge-shaped in outline, somewhat flattened, the 2 terminal prickles the longest. Flowers yellowish.
A bushy annual weed about 12-18 in. high
Achenes 5-10, spreading widely in fruit.
Florets pale greenish-yellow
Small sessile flower-heads
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.4 - 0.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A major weed of roadsides, river banks and disturbed areas such as over-grazed pastures and cattle yards. Also invading crops (passionfruit, oranges) and disturbed areas in natural habitats such as woodland, tussock grassland and monsoon forest, on a range of soils from beach sand to heavy clays.
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A weed of disturbed land, it is commonly found in cultivated upland crops, roadsides, pastures, waste areas, around corrals, and along railroads and cattle trails.
It is a tropical plant. It grows in flooded rice fields and other disturbed areas. In Yunnan.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

The sap from the leaves is squeezed out are used in sauces and as a spice and in flavourings. Caution: It can probably induce abortions.
Uses animal food food material medicinal spice
Edible -
Therapeutic use Antipyretics (fruit), Cough (fruit), Eczema (fruit), Hematuria (fruit), Menstruation disturbances (fruit), Pneumonia (fruit), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Fever (leaf), Diuretic (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Dermatologic agents (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Acanthospermum hispidum leaf picture by Ajay Sahu (cc-by-sa)
Acanthospermum hispidum leaf picture by Farid AMADOU BAHLEMAN (cc-by-sa)
Acanthospermum hispidum leaf picture by Fajardo Contreras (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acanthospermum hispidum flower picture by Sarah Smadja (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acanthospermum hispidum world distribution map, present in Angola, Argentina, American Samoa, Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bangladesh, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Bhutan, Botswana, Central African Republic, Canada, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Cameroon, Congo, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Guinea, Guadeloupe, Guinea-Bissau, French Guiana, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Mozambique, Mauritania, Montserrat, Martinique, Mauritius, Namibia, Nicaragua, Nepal, Peru, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Paraguay, Réunion, Sudan, El Salvador, South Sudan, Sao Tome and Principe, Suriname, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:173718-1
WFO ID wfo-0000068556
COL ID 922T
BDTFX ID 117
INPN ID 79717
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acanthospermum hispidum Acanthospermum humile var. hispidum