Acer pseudoplatanus L.

Sycamore maple (en), Érable sycomore (fr), Grand Érable (fr), Érable faux platane (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Acer

Characteristics

Monoecious, deciduous tree to 20 m high with smooth grey bark. Shoots green, glabrous. Buds large; inner scales to 5 cm long, pinkish. Petiole slender, to c. 15 cm long, usually reddish. Lamina simple, 5-lobed to c. 1/2 way on mature trees, mostly 8-14 × 10-20 cm, glaucescent or sometimes green below, becoming glabrous or with hairs confined to main vein axils below; lobes ovate, coarsely and irregularly crenate-serrate or lobulate; lf base subcordate or cordate. Panicles 5-15 cm long (including main stem), pendulous, appearing with the lvs; pedicels glabrous or hairy. Fls dense, numerous; sepals and petals 2-4 mm long, oblong, green. Stamens (6)-8-(10), exserted; filaments hairy towards base; anthers c. 1 mm long. Ovary white-villous. Samara wings 2-4 cm long, often reddish, usually spreading at a broadly obtuse angle, sometimes slightly incurved. Seed 0.5-1 cm long.
More
Tree to 30 (–35) m high, deciduous, monoecious, wide-crowned. Bark scaly. Leaves simple, c. 15–30 cm long; lamina palmately 3–5-lobed, 7–22 cm long, 8–22 cm wide, cordate at base, often glaucescent and/or reddish beneath, 3–5-veined, with scattered short hairs beneath, particularly near the veins; lobes usually divided c. midway to petiole, ovate to ovate-oblong, acute to acuminate, coarsely and irregularly toothed/serrate; petiole 3–15 (–26) cm long, often red. Inflorescence a terminal, elongate, pendulous raceme or racemose panicle to 20 cm long; flowers 60–100, greenish yellow, andromonoecious. Sepals 5, ovate, c. 3 mm long. Petals 5, narrowly ovate, c. 4 mm long, pale green. Stamens 8–10, hypogynous, inserted within disc. Ovary tomentose. Samaras ascending, 3.5–5.5 cm long; wings divaricate, strongly veined, c. 2.5 cm long.
Tall tree with rough-looking, coarsely crenate and 5-lobed lvs, the lobes and teeth never sharply acuminate; fls yellowish-green, numerous in slender drooping panicles 6–15 cm; sep and pet subequal, 4–5 mm; disk extrastaminal; style deeply cleft; mericarps 3–4 cm, somewhat distended over the seed but not reticulate, the wings diverging at an angle of 60–90°; 2n=52. Native of Europe and w. Asia, occasionally escaped from cult. May.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 3.25 - 6.0
Mature height (meter) 19.15 - 21.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.65
Root diameter (meter) 0.9
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Found in woodland, hedgerows etc. in Britain, in all but very poor soils.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

Grown as an ornamental, including various cultivars (van Gelderen et al. 1994, Rodd 1996, Ellison 1999, Spencer 2002).
Uses charcoal environmental use gene source material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible flowers leaves nectars saps seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity weak toxic (leaf)
Animal toxicity toxic (horse) (leaf)

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings, graftings or seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 18 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -30
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Acer pseudoplatanus habit picture by Em Po (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus habit picture by NICOLAS Leconte (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus habit picture by Georges LAURENT (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Acer pseudoplatanus leaf picture by bibopalula (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus leaf picture by Andrzej Konstantynowicz (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus leaf picture by Heinz Gass (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acer pseudoplatanus flower picture by Heinz Gass (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus flower picture by Herbert Tichova (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus flower picture by Uwe Lass (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Acer pseudoplatanus fruit picture by P C (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus fruit picture by gerhard schurr (cc-by-sa)
Acer pseudoplatanus fruit picture by Manū (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acer pseudoplatanus world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Croatia, Hungary, Italy, Kazakhstan, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, and South Africa

Conservation status

Acer pseudoplatanus threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:781462-1
WFO ID wfo-0000514908
COL ID 94HF
BDTFX ID 210
INPN ID 79783
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acer pseudoplatanus f. serotinum Acer pseudoplatanus f. trilobatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. cupreum Acer pseudoplatanus f. flavescens Acer pseudoplatanus f. laetum Acer pseudoplatanus f. handjeryi Acer pseudoplatanus f. dittrichii Acer pseudoplatanus f. handjeryi Acer pseudoplatanus f. purpureum Acer pseudoplatanus f. purpurascens Acer pseudoplatanus f. aureovariegatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. albovariegatum Acer abchasicum Acer atropurpureum Acer bohemicum Acer erythrocarpum Acer euchlorum Acer melliodorum Acer procerum Acer wondracekii Acer worleei Acer majus Acer montanum Acer opulifolium Acer pseudoplatanus Acer purpureum Acer rafinesquianum Acer villosum Acer fieberi Acer dittrichii Acer opizii Acer pseudoplatanus f. latialatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. siculum Acer pseudoplatanus f. subparallelum Acer pseudoplatanus var. nebrodense Acer pseudoplatanus var. macrocarpum Acer pseudoplatanus var. microcarpum Acer pseudoplatanus var. tomentosum Acer pseudoplatanus var. anomalum Acer pseudoplatanus var. latialatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. acuminatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. subtruncatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. vitifolium Acer pseudoplatanus var. fieberi Acer pseudoplatanus var. subintegrilobum Acer pseudoplatanus var. coloratum Acer pseudoplatanus var. complicatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. medium Acer pseudoplatanus var. longifolium Acer pseudoplatanus var. flava-variegatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. albovariegatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. subobtusum Acer pseudoplatanus var. laciniatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. siculum Acer pseudoplatanus var. quinquelobum Acer pseudoplatanus var. erythrocarpum Acer pseudoplatanus var. subtrilobum Acer pseudoplatanus var. triangulare Acer pseudoplatanus var. crispum Acer pseudoplatanus var. ternatum Acer pseudoplatanus var. purpureum Acer pseudoplatanus f. erythrocarpum Acer pseudoplatanus f. variegatum Acer quinquelobum Acer pseudoplatanus f. lutescens Acer pseudoplatanus f. albomarmoratum Acer pseudoplatanus f. rubromaculatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. euchlorum Acer pseudoplatanus f. palmatifidum Acer pseudoplatanus f. neglectum Acer pseudoplatanus f. vitifolium Acer pseudoplatanus f. serratum Acer pseudoplatanus f. cruciatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. opizii Acer pseudoplatanus f. argutum Acer pseudoplatanus f. sanguineum Acer pseudoplatanus f. metallicum Acer pseudoplatanus f. worleei Acer pseudoplatanus f. concavum Acer pseudoplatanus f. albertsii Acer pseudoplatanus f. costorphinense Acer pseudoplatanus f. aucubifolium Acer pseudoplatanus f. leopoldii Acer pseudoplatanus f. tricolor Acer pseudoplatanus f. quadricolor Acer pseudoplatanus f. annae Acer pseudoplatanus f. insigne Acer pseudoplatanus f. discolor Acer pseudoplatanus f. spaethii Acer pseudoplatanus f. luteovirescens Acer pseudoplatanus f. bicolor Acer pseudoplatanus f. pseudonizetii Acer pseudoplatanus f. nervosum Acer pseudoplatanus f. atropurpureum Acer pseudoplatanus f. nizetii Acer pseudoplatanus f. complicatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. brevialatum Acer pseudoplatanus f. grandicorne Acer pseudoplatanus subsp. villosum