Acer saccharinum L.

Silver maple (en), Érable argenté (fr), Érable à sirop (fr), Érable de Virginie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Sapindaceae > Acer

Characteristics

Tree to 30 m, with light gray bark separating in large plates; winter-buds with 6–10 imbricate scales; lvs deeply 5-lobed, silvery-white beneath, the lobes acuminate and ± sharply toothed or with minor lobes along the sides, the terminal lobe concavely narrowed to the base; fls from clusters of lateral buds, opening in earliest spring, greenish-yellow or reddish, each cluster unisexual; pedicels short, scarcely exceeding the strongly ciliate bud-scales; cal gamosepalous, shallowly lobed; stamens long-exsert; disk vestigial or wanting; ovary densely hairy; frs falling before the lvs are fully grown, the mericarps 3.5–5+ cm, sparsely hairy; 2n=52. Moist or wet soil, especially along riverbanks; N.B. and s. Que. to Minn., and e. S.D., s. to Ga., w. Fla., La., and Okla. (Argentacer s.)
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A deciduous tree 30 m high and 15 m across. The trunk is 100 cm across. In open locations it forms branches low down to produce several trunks. It has a broad crown. The leaves are 15-20 cm long and have 5-7 lobes. They are widest at the base. They have coarse, sharp, irregular teeth. The central lobe narrows towards the centre of the leaf. The upper surface is light green and underneath it is silvery white. Leaves turn pale yellow or brown in autumn. The flowers are small and greenish-yellow. They are on short stalks. They appear before the leaves. The fruit have wings. These are 40-70 mm long and spread widely. The seedcase is ribbed. Often only one of the two seeds develop.
Deciduous tree 8–20 (–35) m high. Bark grey to brownish, becoming furrowed and scaly. Leaves: lamina palmately 5-lobed, 8–17 cm wide, cordate to truncate at base, the 5 deep lobes with widely separated teeth towards the tip, the central 3 lobes each further divided into 3, the lamina silvery or glaucous beneath, colouring mostly yellow (to orange) in autumn; petiole slender, 5–12 cm long. Flowers yellow or greenish yellow, appearing well before the leaves. Samaras 3–5 cm long with widely spread wings.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality
Pollination anemogamy
Spread anemochory
Mature width (meter) 2.5
Mature height (meter) 28.7
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 2.1
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is native to E North America. It does best in moist well drained soils. They can tolerate some flooding. It cannot tolerate much shade. It suits hardiness zones 4-8. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Recorded at Blackheath growing with Pterideum esculentum, Rubus anglocandicans, Gahnia sp., Acacia longifolia and Lomandra longifolia, in open forest, in grey-yellow sand on sandstone.
Banks of rivers, usually in sandy soils. Trees are occasionally found in deep often submerged swamps.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-5
Soil acidity 2-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The sap of the tree is used as a source of sugar. The inner bark can be cooked, dried, ground into flour then used to thicken soups. The leaves of self sown seedlings can be eaten fresh. The seeds with the wings removed can be boiled and eaten.
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Grown as an ornamental and landscaping tree; includes cultivars, e.g. Pyramidal Silver Maple Acer saccharinum 'Pyramidale' (van Gelderen et al. 1994, Rodd 1996, Spencer 2002). The wood is used to make furniture.
Uses beverage dye environmental use fiber fodder food fuel material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible barks flowers leaves nectars saps seeds
Therapeutic use Analgesic (bark), Eye Medicine (bark), Gynecological Aid (bark), Misc. Disease Remedy (bark), Dermatological Aid (bark), Cough Medicine (bark), Venereal Aid (bark), Antidiarrheal (bark), Diuretic (bark), Unspecified (fruit), Venereal Aid (root), Unspecified (sap), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Astringent (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Seed should be pre-soaked for 24 hours then kept cold at 0-8°C for 2-4 months to assist them to grown. Seed can be sown fresh if green seeds are used. Layering or cuttings can be used. Stem cuttings shoot easily.
Mode cuttings graftings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -32
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Acer saccharinum habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum habit picture by LLo (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum habit picture by Joshua Kuykendall (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Acer saccharinum leaf picture by Matthew Doddridge (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum leaf picture by ljq (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum leaf picture by Elea Elea Héberlé (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Acer saccharinum flower picture by Willem Defieuw (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum flower picture by Renée-Louise Lamontagne (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum flower picture by Selina Erdmann (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Acer saccharinum fruit picture by Grauer Ralf (cc-by-sa)
Acer saccharinum fruit picture by Matthias Foellmer (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Acer saccharinum world distribution map, present in Australia, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Ecuador, France, Croatia, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Russian Federation, Slovakia, United States of America, and Uzbekistan

Conservation status

Acer saccharinum threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1892-2
WFO ID wfo-0000515004
COL ID 94JH
BDTFX ID 219
INPN ID 79788
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Acer dasycarpum f. nanum Acer dasycarpum f. heterophyllum Acer saccharinum f. ahlesii Acer pavia Saccharodendron saccharinum Acer dasycarpum Acer eriocarpum Acer saira Acer virginianum Argentacer saccharinum Acer coccineum Acer tomentosum Acer dasycarpum f. pyramidale Acer dasycarpum f. lutescens Acer dasycarpum f. pulverulentum Acer dasycarpum f. sanguineum Acer dasycarpum var. aureovariegatum Acer dasycarpum var. pendulum Acer saccharinum var. pseudoplatanoides Acer dasycarpum var. coloratum Acer dasycarpum var. subtrilobatum Acer dasycarpum var. laciniatum Acer heterophyllum var. laciniatum Sacchrosphendamnus saccharinus Acer saccharinum f. purpureocarpum Argentacer saccharinum var. laciniatum Acer dasycarpum f. aureomarginatum Acer dasycarpum f. citreovariegatum Acer dasycarpum f. albovariegatum Acer dasycarpum f. lacteum Acer dasycarpum f. palmatum Acer dasycarpum f. macrophyllum Acer dasycarpum f. monstrosum Acer dasycarpum f. arbusculum Acer dasycarpum f. serpentinum Acer dasycarpum f. pendulum Acer dasycarpum f. tripartitum Acer dasycarpum f. pseudoternatum Acer dasycarpum f. longifolium Acer dasycarpum f. curvatum Acer dasycarpum f. weiri Acer saccharinum f. variifolium Acer pallidum Acer saccharinum