Aciphylla squarrosa J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Aciphylla

Characteristics

Us. large plants up to c. 1 m. tall, forming dense tussocks. Lvs ∞, 3-pinnate, spreading, subglaucous; margins and midribs crenulate-serrulate; occ. plants may have some lvs 2-pinnate. Sheaths erect, whitish, fleshy except membr. margins, up to 15 × 5 cm.; stipules with petiolate bases c. 2 × 1 cm., unequal, 3-foliolate, outer segs up to 20 cm., inner to 6 cm., terminal to 25 cm. long, pungent; petiolar or ligular portion sts up to c. 4cm. long. Petioles up to c. 15 cm. × 1-2 mm., internodes up to c. 5 cm. long. Primary pinnae us. 1 pair, again pinnate, internodes c. 3 cm. long; secondary pinnae us. 1 pair, again pinnate, sts bearing accessory pinnules; final segs up to 25 cm. × 4 mm., concavo-convex, with long pungent points. Stems of male plants ridged, up to ± 8 dm. × 2 cm. including infl. up to c. 4 dm. long. Bracts. ∞; sheaths pale, membr., ridged, up to 4 × 1 cm., tapering to apex. stipules unequal, up to 3 cm. × 1 mm. Lamina 3-foliolate; lateral pair of lflts up to c. 9 cm. long; terminal lflt to 20-25 cm. × 3 mm., stiff, pungent, becoming strongly reflexed. Umbels on stout peduncles up to c. 6-10 cm. long, us. with lateral umbellules near base as well as at apex, up to c. 4 cm. diam. Umbellules crowded, forming heads ± 2 cm. diam; rays ∞, ± 10 mm. long. Stems of female plants up to ± 1 m. tall including infl. up to c. 6 dm. tall. Bract-sheaths thin, ribbed; lower c. 5 × 2 cm. stipules unequal, 4-8-(15) cm. long. Lamina of lower sheaths pinnate, with occ. accessory pinnules; petiole flat, ± 10 mm. long, internodes to 2 cm. long; pinnae 2 pairs; terminal lflt up to 15 cm. long, at length strongly reflexed. Umbels c. 8, on stout peduncles ± 5 cm. long bearing lateral umbellules near base; involucral bracts linear. Umbellules ± 10, c. 15 mm. diam., on short rays. Petals pale yellow. Fr. c. 6-8 mm. long; mericarps 4-3-winged. Vittae 2-3 per furrow, 4-6 commissural.
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A perennial shrub. It grows 2.5 m high. It spreads to 1.5 m across. Male and female flowers are normally on separate plants but sometimes female plants have occasional male flowers. The leaves are finely divided. They are 45-60 cm long with very narrow segments. The flowers occur in heads on stems 90 cm tall. They are greenish cream.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.5
Mature height (meter) 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It is found growing naturally in New Zealand from sea-level to mountain areas in the North and South Islands to latitude 41° 30' south. It requires a well drained gritty soil in full sun. It can tolerate frost down to about 10°C. It suits hardiness zones 5-9.
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Found from sea-level to montane areas in North and South Islands to latitude 41° 30' south.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The root is cooked and eaten. The resin is chewed as a chewing gum. The young shoots and stems are eaten.
Uses gum
Edible gums leaves roots shoots stems
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. It is best to use fresh seed as dry seed germinates irregularly.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Distribution

Aciphylla squarrosa world distribution map, present in New Zealand

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:837241-1
WFO ID wfo-0000516663
COL ID 9C9X
BDTFX ID 84891
INPN ID 610604
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Aciphylla squarrosa Gingidium squarrosum