Adenia digitata Engl.

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Passifloraceae > Adenia

Characteristics

Subherbaceous climber 0.2–3 m., growing from a variable tuber.. Leaves beneath greyish to glaucous, densely punctate or not, deeply (3–)5-partite or pseudo-foliolate, in outline suborbicular with cordate base, 4–18 by 3–17 cm.; leaflets variable, entire to deeply (2–)3–5(–10)-lobed, ovate or obovate to linear, base long-attenuate or acute, top rounded to acute, 1.5–15 by 0.5–4(–7) cm., margin entire; petiolule up to 2 cm.; petiole 1–9 cm.. Glands at blade-base 2, on 2 separate ± upward directed auricles 1–2 mm. in diameter at the transition of petiole to blade; blade glands 2–4, situated between the insertions of the leaflets, and each leaflet with 0–8 glands scattered or submarginal.. Stipules narrowly triangular to lanceolate, acute, 1–3 mm., withering.. Inflorescences peduncled for up to 7 cm., (1–)5–20(–60)-flowered in male, 1–10-flowered in female, tendril 1, 2–10 cm.; sterile tendrils up to 15 cm.. Male flowers tubular-infundibuliform, including the 3–12(–15) mm. long stipe (14–)20–38 mm.; hypanthium cup-shaped, (1–)2–3.5 by 2–4(–5) mm.; calyx-tube (5–)8–12 mm.; calyx-lobes ovate or oblong to lanceolate, subobtuse, (4–)7–11 mm., dentate-fimbriate; petals lanceolate, acute, dentate or fimbriate, 6–12 mm., (1–)3-nerved, inserted at the same level as or up to 5 mm. above the corona; filaments 3.5–9(–12) mm., connate for at least half-way, inserted on an androgynophore 1–3.5 mm.; anthers 3–6 mm., ± inward curved and at the top clinging by the ± 0.2 mm. long papillate apicula; septa 0.5–3 mm. high, corona hairs ± 0.5–2 mm., rarely absent; disk glands 0.5–1.5 mm.. Hermaphrodite flowers 20–25 mm.. Female flowers tubular-infundibuliform, including the 2–7 mm. long stipe 15– 26 mm.; hypanthium ± 2–4 by 2–4 mm.; calyx-tube 4–8 mm., lobes ovate to oblong, obtusish, 5–7 mm., entire; petals lanceolate to linear, acute, subentire, 2–7 mm., 1(–3)-nerved, inserted at the same level as or up to 4 mm. above the corona; staminodes 3–5 mm., up to 1 mm. connate; septa up to 0.5 mm. high; corona hairs 0.3–1 mm.; disk glands ± 1 mm.; gynophore 2–4 mm.; ovary ovoid to oblong, (4–)5–6 mm.; styles connate for 1–1.5 mm., style-arms 1–1.5 mm.; stigmas subreniform, woolly-papillate, each. 2–3 mm. in diameter.. Fruits 1–3 per inflorescence, ovoid to ellipsoid-oblong, excluding the (2–)5–12 mm. long gynophore (2.5–)3–5.5(–7.5) by (1.5–)2–3.5(–4) cm.; pericarp coriaceous, brilliant yellow to red when fresh, sometimes spongy inside, smooth.. Seeds (10–)20–60 per capsule, obovoid to ellipsoid, 6–8 mm.
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Sub-herbaceous climber 0.2-3 m growing from a variable tuber. Leaves beneath greyish to glaucous, densely punctate or not, deeply (3-)5-parted or (pseudo-) foliolate, in outline suborbicular with cordate base, 4-18 x 3-17 cm; leaflets variable, entire to deeply (2-)3-5(-10)-lobed, ovate or obovate to linear, base long-attenuate or acute, apex rounded to acute, 1.5-15 x 0.7-4(-7) cm, margin entire, petiolule up to 2 cm; petiole 1-9 cm. Glands at blade-base 2, on two separate ± upward directed auricles 1-2 mm diam. at the transition of petiole to blade; blade-glands 2-4, situated between the insertions of the leaflets, and each leaflet with 0-8 glands, scattered or submarginal. Stipules narrowly triangular to lanceolate, acute, 1-3 mm, withering. Inflorescences peduncled for up to 7 cm, (1-)5-20(-60)-flowered in ('male'), 1-10-flowered in ('female'); tendril 1.2-10 cm, sterile tendrils up to 15 cm. Male flowers tubular-infundibuliform, including the 3-12 (-15) mm long stipe (14-) 20-38 mm; hypanthium cup-shaped, (1-) 2-3.5 x 2-4(-5) mm; calyx-tube (5-)8-12 mm; calyx lobes ovate or oblong to lanceolate, (sub)obtuse, (4-)7-11 mm, dentate or fimbriate; 6-12 mm, (4-)7-11 mm, dentate or fimbriate, 6-12 mm, (1-)3-nerved, inserted at the same level as, or up to 5 mm above the corona; filaments 3.5-9(-12) mm, connate for at least half-way, inserted on an androgynophore 1-3.5 mm; anthers 3-6 mm ± inward curved and at the top clinging by the c. 0.2 mm long papillate apiculate; septa 0.5-3 mm high; corona hairs c. 0.5-2 mm, rarely absent; disc-glands 0.5-1.5 mm. Hermaphrodite flowers 20-25 mm. Female flowers tubular-infundibuliform, including the 2-7 mm, 1(-3)-nerved, inserted at the same level as, or up to 4 mm above the corona; staminodes 3-5 mm, up to 1 mm connate; septa up to 0.5 mm high corona hairs 0.3-1 mm; disc-gland c. 1 mm high; gynophore 2-4 mm; ovary ovoid to oblong, (4-)5-6 mm; styles connate for 1-1.5 mm, style-arms 1-1.5 mm; stigmas subreniform woolly-papillate, each 2-3 mm diam. Fruit 1-3 per inflorescence, ovoid to ellipsoid (to oblong), excluding the (2-)5-12 mm long gynophore (2.5-)3-5.5(-7.5) x (1.5)2-3.5(-4) cm; pericarp coriaceous, brilliant yellow to red when fresh, sometimes spongy inside, smooth; seeds (10-)20-60 per capsule, (ob)ovate to ellipsoid, 6-8 mm.
Male flower: (14)20–38 × 3–10 mm. (incl. the 3–12(15) mm. long stipe), tubular-infundibuliform; hypanthium (1)2–3·5 × 2–4(5) mm., cup-shaped; calyx-tube (5)8–12 mm. long; calyx-lobes (4)7–11 mm. long, ovate or oblong to lanceolate, obtuse, dentate-fimbriate at the margin; petals 6–12 × (1)1·5–2·5 mm., lanceolate, l(3)-nerved, dentate or fimbriate at the margin, inserted at the level of the corona or up to 5 mm. above it; corona consisting of short hairs, or rarely absent; stamen-filaments 3·5(9–12) mm. long, connate at the base for (1·5)2·5–7 mm., inserted on an androgynophore 1–3·5 mm. long; anthers 3–6 × 1(1·5) mm., ± curved inward, clinging together by the 0·2 mm. long papillate apicula; disk-glands 0·5–1·5 mm. long; vestigial ovary 0·5–1 mm. long, on a gynophore up to 1·5 mm. long.
Female flower: 15–26 × 5–6 mm. (incl. the 2–7 mm. long stipe), tubular-infundibuliform; hypanthium 2–4 × 2–4 mm.; calyx-tube 4–8 mm. long; calyx-lobes 5–7 mm. long, ovate to oblong, obtuse, entire; petals 2–7 × 0·35–1 mm., lanceolate to linear, acute, 1(3)-nerved, entire or serrulate to the apex, inserted at the same level as the corona or up to 4 mm. above it; corona as in male flower; disk-glands c. 1 mm. long; pistil 8–12 mm. long; gynophore 2–4 mm. long; ovary (4)5–6 × (2)3–4 mm., ovoid to oblong; styles connate for 1–1·5 mm. at the base with arms 1–1·5 mm. long and stigmas 2–3 mm. in diameter, subreniform, woolly-papillate.
Leaf-lamina 4–18 × 3–17 cm., deeply (3)5-partiteor-foliolate, suborbicular or 5-gonal in outline, cordate at the base, membranous to coriaceous, green to yellowish-green above, yellowish, greyish or glaucous beneath, with 5 main nerves from the base; leaflets very variable in form and size, 1·5–15 × 0·75–4(7) cm., entire to ± deeply (2)3–5(10)-lobed, ovate or obovate to linear, rounded or acute sometimes mucronate at the apex, attenuated into a petiolule up to 2 cm. long, with 2–12 pairs of nerves and indistinct reticulation; petiole 1–9 cm. long.
A climber. It grows from a tuber and can be 3 m tall. The tuber is 10 cm long by 6 cm wide. The stems usually grow annually. The leaf blade is 4-18 cm long by 3-17 cm wide. They are deeply divided. They are greenish-yellow above and more grey underneath. The leaflets vary in shape. The fruit is a capsule. It can be 5 cm long by 4 cm wide and oval. It can contain 20-60 seeds. The seeds are 5-8 mm long by 5 mm wide and 3 mm thick. They are oval.
Glands of the lamina-base 2, 0·5–1·5 mm. in diameter, on 2 separate auricles 1–2 mm. in diameter situated at the transition between petiole and lamina; other glands: 2–4, 0·5–1·5 mm. in diameter, on the basal part of the lamina between the insertion of the leaflets, and 0–8 on each leaflet, irregularly scattered or submarginal.
Cymes (l)5–20(60)-flowered in male, 1–10-flowered in female, the flowers cream, yellow or orange, purplish-green at the base; peduncle stout, up to 7 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles 1·5–3 mm. long, lanceolate, acute; pedicels 1–15 mm. long in male flowers, 1–6 mm. long in female tendril 1, 2–10 cm. long.
Herbaceous, climber, 0.2-3.0 m high. Glands at leaf base 2, at transition of petiole to blade. Leaves palmately (3-)5-parted or-foliolate. Flowers white, green, yellow or cream.
Capsule (2·5)3–5·5(7·5) × (1·5)2–3·5(4) cm., ovoid to ellipsoid, greenish-yellow, with smooth coriaceous pericarp up to 4 mm. thick, (10)20–60-seeded.
Stems usually annual, the fertile ones 1·5–5 mm. in diameter, greenish or greyish, and with inter-nodes 1·5–12 cm. long.
Subherbaceous climber 0·2–3 m., arising from a tuber c. 10 × 6 cm.
Seeds 5–8 × 4·5–6·5 x 3 mm., ovoid to ellipsoid, pitted.
Stipules 1–3 mm. long, triangular, acute.
Hermaphrodite flowers 20–25 mm. long.
Sterile tendrils up to 15 cm. long.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 3.0
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Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical and subtropical plant. It grows in savannahs and woodlands and can be on sand or clayey soils. It grows between 390-1,800 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places.
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Savannah, bushland, dry rocky or grassy localities, on termite mounds and along forest fringes, on stony, sandy, or clayish soils at elevations from sea-level up to 1,850 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The young leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. Caution: The fruit and tubers are poisonous.
Uses environmental use food medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
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Vigor -
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Images

Adenia digitata unspecified picture

Distribution

Adenia digitata world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:674071-1
WFO ID wfo-0000519958
COL ID 64QPF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Adenia buchananii Adenia digitata Modecca senensis Modecca digitata Adenia angustisecta Adenia multiflora Adenia senensis Adenia stenophylla Clemanthus senensis