Adiantum aethiopicum L.

Species

Pteridophytes > Polypodiales > Pteridaceae > Vittarioideae > Adiantum

Characteristics

Rhizome creeping, to 3 mm diam., stoloniferous; stolons wiry, c. 1.5 mm diam.; scales thin, yellow, transparent, broadly triangular, entire, often spirally curled. Fronds densely tufted, or sometimes scattered along stolons, to 75 cm long. Stipe to 40 cm long, glossy, glabrous, red-brown, bearing conspicuous basal scales similar to those of the rhizome. Lamina 3-pinnate, ovate to triangular, 12–40 cm long, 5–23 cm wide. Pinnae narrowly triangular. Pinnules round to flabellate; distal margin sometimes shallowly lobed; lobe margins entire or obscurely dentate when sterile; stalks not articulated. Sori 1–5 along the distal margins, 1 (–2) per lobe; soral flaps reniform to (sub)lunate, usually at the base of a broad shallow sinus on the pinnule margin. Spores 64 per sporangium, with largest diam. (34.6–) 41.1 (–53.6) µm.
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Rhizome slender, creeping, often above-ground; clad in linear-subulate attenuate rufous paleae c. 4 mm. long; stipites ± tufted at intervals along rhizome. Stipes very slender, glab., dark brown, shining, 5-25 cm. long, paleate towards base. Rhachis very slender to filiform, ± flexuous, bearing alt. distant pinnae. Lamina pale green, delicate, ovate-to deltoid-oblong, 3-(4)-pinnate, 15-30 × 7-15 cm. Primary pinnae long-stalked, ovate-lanceolate to deltoid, 4-10 × 2-4 cm. Secondary pinnae long-stalked, 2-3 × c. 1 cm. Tertiary pinnae distinctly stalked, rhomboid to suborbicular, up to 1 × 1 cm.; fertile ones us. rather smaller, shallowly lobed on upper margin, flabellately veined, cuneate to truncate at base. Sporangia protected by pale brown, lunulate to oblong, reflexed margin c. 2 mm. diam.; 2-(6) groups per pinna.
Rhizome slender, widely creeping and branched, with spaced stipe bases and scales; scales pale brown, lanceolate, up to 2.5 x 0.5 mm. Fronds erect to arching, up to 280 mm long. Stipe castaneous, terete, up to 90 mm long. Lamina ovate, up to 200 x 150 mm, up to 3-pinnate. Rachis and lower order axes dark brown to black and glossy. Pinnae alternate, basal pinnae largest, broadly ovate, up to 85 x 60 mm; petioles up to 5 mm long; ultimate segments thinly herbaceous, pale green, glabrous, cuneate to rounded rhomboid, often somewhat lobed, up to 13 x 14 mm, outer margins minutely dentate; venation evident, veins end in teeth; with petioles up to 1.2 mm long. Sori 1 or 2 per segment, on outer margins; indusial flaps glabrous, orbicular to deeply reniform, ± 2 mm in diam.
Rhizome slender, widely creeping, set with squarrose, pale brown, lanceolate, entire rhizome-scales up to 2 mm long. Fronds spaced up to 80 mm apart, erect to arching; stipe castaneous, up to 90 mm long; lamina ovate, up to 200 x 150 mm, 3-pinnate; pinnules mostly cuneate to shortly rounded rhomboid, up to 13 x 14 mm, petiolate but not articulated, minutely dentate on outer margins, especially in sterile pinnules, with veins ending in the teeth; rhachis and secondary rhachises castaneous, glabrous. Sori 1-2 per pinnule, borne on outer margin; indusial flaps glabrous, orbicular to deeply reniform, c. 2 mm in diameter.
Rhizomes creeping, producing runners, scaly. Stipes and rachises glabrous except at very base. Laminae ovate, 10-30 × 6-15 cm, (2)-3-pinnate at base. Primary pinnae alternate, 8-12 on each side of rachis. Ultimate pinnules generally broader than long, either very broadly obovate, orbicular, or broadly ovate, 3-10 × 4-15 mm, cuneate at base, with stalk attached ± centrally, entire or shallowly lobed, glabrous, yellow green. Indusia ± reniform with prominent sinuses, glabrous, 1-4 per pinnule on outer margin only.
A small fern. It grows 10-45 cm high. It forms large clumps. It has wiry branched underground stems. It also has slender upright stems. It can be upright or lie over. The stems can be 60 cm long. The fronds divide 2-3 times. The segments are wedge shaped. The edges of the leaves are shallowly lobed. They are lace-like and pale green on glossy black stems. The spore bodies are kidney shaped. There are 1-4 on the under side of the fronds.
Perennial with widely spreading rhizome. Fronds arching, stipe terete, lamina ovate, 3-pinnate, pinnules cuneate to rhomboid, petiolate, minutely dentate on outer margins with veins ending in teeth. Sori 1 or 2 per pinnule on outer margin, indusial flaps glabrous, orbicular to deeply reniform.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality -
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. It grows along stream banks and in moist rocky places. It needs a well-drained soil and abundant moisture. It is hardy. It prefers bright sunlight and cool temperatures. It is often grown as a house plant. It suits hardiness zones 7-9. Tasmania Herbarium. Mt Cootha Botanical Gardens.
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Damp, open situations, often along creeks, where it often forms large colonies.
Damp, open situations, often along creeks, where it often forms large colonies.
Terrestrial in open forest.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-10

Usage

CAUTION: This fern is used to produce abortions in some places.
Uses medicinal
Edible fronds leaves
Therapeutic use Ecbolic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from spores or by dividing the rhizome. It spreads by the underground stolons or runners.
Mode divisions
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Adiantum aethiopicum unspecified picture

Distribution

Adiantum aethiopicum world distribution map, present in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17008760-1
WFO ID wfo-0001110776
COL ID 65475
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 670878
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Adiantum aethiopicum f. assimile Adiantum assimile Adiantum trigonum Adiantum aethiopicum Adiantum aubertii Adiantum subtrapezoideum