Aeschynomene indica L.

Indian jointvetch (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Aeschynomene

Characteristics

Erect subshrubby annual or perennial herb, 0.3–2.5 m. tall.. Stems mostly slender, ± 5 mm. wide at the base but sometimes thick and spongy up to 2.5 cm. wide, pubescent with mostly rather sparse tubercular-based sometimes glandular hairs.. Leaves sometimes sensitive, 16–50(–70)-foliolate; leaflets linear-oblong, 0.3–1.3 cm. long, 1–3 mm. wide, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, obliquely rounded at the base, entire or very finely serrulate, glabrous; venation obscure; petiole and rhachis together 1.2–10 cm. long, with tubercular-based hairs; petiolules 0.3 mm. long; stipules elliptic-lanceolate, straight, spurred, 0.3–1.5 cm. long, 1–3.5 mm. wide, deciduous.. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or axillary, 1–6-flowered; rhachis 1.5–6 cm. long; peduncle 0.8–2.1 cm. long; pedicels 1–2 and finally up to 8 mm. long; bracts mostly ovate, 3.5–6 mm. long, 1.5–2.5 mm. wide, often lacerate or toothed, deciduous; bracteoles ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 2.5–4.5 mm. long, 1–2 mm. wide, acuminate, ciliolate.. Calyx glabrous, 2-lipped, the lips oblong, 4–6 mm. long, 2–3 mm. wide, one 2-fid, the other 3-fid.. Standard yellow or whitish, mostly lined and suffused with red outside or purplish, elliptic, 0.7–1 cm. long, 4–7 mm. wide; wings and keel greenish-white or pale yellow, the petals of the latter not laciniate.. Pods linear, straight or slightly curved, 2.4–4.8 cm. long excluding the 6–9 mm. stipe, 5–13-jointed, one suture ± straight, the other slightly constricted between the articles; articles oblong, 3–5 mm. long and wide, compressed, with sparse short tubercular-based hairs, central part raised and venulose or sometimes rugose, surrounding lower area at length rather coarsely rugose.. Seeds dark olive, black or brownish, oblong, slightly beaked near the eccentric small hilum, longest dimension 2.8 mm., shorter dimension 2.5 mm., 1.3–1.8 mm. thick.. Fig. 54/4, p. 366.
More
Erect subshrubby annual or perennial herb, 0.3-2.5 m tall. Stems mostly slender, c. 5 mm wide at the base but sometimes thick and spongy up to 2.5 cm wide, pubescent with mostly rather sparse tubercular-based sometimes glandular hairs. Leaves sometimes sensitive, 16-50(70)-foliolate; leaflets 3-13 x 1-3 mm, linear-oblong, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, obliquely rounded at the base, entire or very finely serrulate, glabrous; venation obscure; petiole and rhachis together 1.2-10 cm long, with tubercular-based hairs; petiolules 0.3 mm long; stipules 3-15 x 1-3.5 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, straight, spurred, deciduous. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or axillary, 1-6-flowered; peduncle 8-21 mm long; rhachis 1.5-6 cm long; pedicels 1-2 and finally up to 8 mm long; bracts 3.5-6 x 1.5-2.5 mm, mostly ovate, often lacerate or toothed, deciduous; bracteoles 2.5-4.5 x 1-2 mm, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate. Calyx glabrous, 2-lipped; lips 4-6 x 2-3 mm, oblong, one 2-fid, the other 3-fid. Standard yellow or whitish, mostly lined and suffused with red outside or purplish, 7-10 x 4-7 mm, elliptic; wings and keel greenish-white or pale yellow, the petals of the latter not laciniate. Fruit 2.4-4.8 cm long excluding the 6-9 mm stipe, linear, straight or slightly curved, 5-13-jointed, one suture ± straight, the other slightly constricted between the articles; articles 3-5 mm long and wide, oblong, compressed, with sparse short tubercular-based hairs, central part raised and venulose or sometimes rugose, surrounding lower area at length rather coarsely rugose. Seeds dark olive, black or brownish, 2.8 x 2.5 x 1.3-1.8 mm, oblong, slightly beaked near the eccentric small hilum.
Shrublets or annual herbs, (15-)30-100(-150) cm tall. Stems erect, many branched, cylindric, hollow, glabrous, corky at base, often with nodule-bearing adventitious roots. Stipules elliptic to lanceolate, 4-11 × 1-2 cm, membranous, caducous, base auriculate, apex acuminate. Leaves 20-60-foliolate, often sensitive; petiole 2-4 mm; rachis with tuberculate-based tri­chomes; leaflet blades linear-oblong, 3-13 × 1-3 mm, papery, base oblique, apex obtuse and mucronate. Inflorescences axil­lary, racemose, sometimes short or reduced to a solitary flower; peduncle 4-7 mm, with tuberculate-based trichomes; bracts ovate, caducous, margin often denticulate. Bracteoles ovate-lanceolate, persistent. Calyx 3-4 mm, membranous, glabrous. Corolla pale yellow with purplish longitudinal striations. Leg­ume linear-oblong, 2.2-3.4 cm × 3-5 mm, straight, herbaceous to leathery, abaxial suture straight, slightly indented; articles 2-8, quadrate, slightly muricate and with tuberculate-based tri­chomes. Seeds blackish brown, reniform, ca. 2 mm. Fl. Jul-Sep, fr. Jul-Oct. 2n = 40.
An erect annual or perennial plant. It grows in water. It is 1.5-2 m tall. The leaves have an even number of leaflets along the stalk. There are 20 or more pairs. They do not have leaf stalks. They are 3-8 mm long by 1-3 mm wide. The flowers are yellow streaked with orange, brown or purple. They are pea like or like a butterfly. The fruit are narrow pods. They are 3-4 cm long and 3-4 mm wide They break into several one seeded sections.
Leaves sometimes sensitive, 16–50(70)-foliolate; leaflets 3–13 × 1–3 mm, linear-oblong, rounded and mucronulate at the apex, obliquely rounded at the base, entire or very finely serrulate, glabrous; venation obscure; petiole and rhachis together 1.2–10 cm long, with tubercular-based hairs; petiolules 0.3 mm long; stipules 3–15 × 1–3.5 mm, elliptic-lanceolate, straight, spurred, deciduous.
Fruit 2.4–4.8 cm long excluding the 6–9 mm stipe, linear, straight or slightly curved, 5–13-jointed, one suture ± straight, the other slightly constricted between the articles; articles 3–5 mm long and wide, oblong, compressed, with sparse short tubercular-based hairs, central part raised and venulose or sometimes rugose, surrounding lower area at length rather coarsely rugose.
Inflorescences leaf-opposed or axillary, 1–6-flowered; peduncle 8–21 mm long; rhachis 1.5–6 cm long; pedicels 1–2 and finally up to 8 mm long; bracts 3.5–6 × l.5–2.5 mm, mostly ovate, often lacerate or toothed, deciduous; bracteoles 2.5–4.5 × 1–2 mm, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate.
Standard yellow or whitish, mostly lined and suffused with red outside or purplish, 7–10 × 4–7 mm, elliptic; wings and keel greenish-white or pale yellow, the petals of the latter not laciniate.
Erect herb, up to 1.2 m high, drying greenish. Leaves 16-50(-70)-foliolate. Inflorescences leaf-opposed or axillary. Pods with articles strongly tuberculate when adult. Flowers pale yellow.
Stems mostly slender, c. 5 mm wide at the base but sometimes thick and spongy up to 2.5 cm wide, pubescent with mostly rather sparse tubercular-based sometimes glandular hairs.
Seeds dark olive, black or brownish, 2.8 × 2.5 × 1.3–1.8 mm, oblong, slightly beaked near the eccentric small hilum.
Calyx glabrous, 2-lipped; lips 4–6 × 2–3 mm, oblong, one 2-fid, the other 3-fid.
Erect subshrubby annual or perennial herb, 0.3–2.5 m tall.
Pale yellow, faintly striate flowers
An undershrub 2–4 ft. high
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 1.61
Root system adventitious-root
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer rhizobia
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

The plant is found in a wide range of habitats, but occurs mostly on soils that are subject to flooding and waterlogging. Found in seasonally flooded waterlogged grassland; freshwater swamp and aquatic vegetation.
More
A tropical plant. It grows in marshes. It can grow on sandy or clayey soils and the edges of creeks. It grows in wet grassland savannah. In Zimbabwe it grows up to 1,200 m above sea level.
In muddy places near rivers and swamps.
Light -
Soil humidity 9-12
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The flowers are eaten. The leaves are eaten fresh or parboiled and added to soups. They can also be cooked as a potherb or stir-fried. The whole plant is dried in the shade, finely chopped, roasted and used as a tea substitute.
Uses animal food charcoal environmental use fodder forage fuel material medicinal poison potherb tea vertebrate poison wood
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Cholinergic antagonists (leaf), Spermatocidal agents (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Aeschynomene indica leaf picture by Fernando da Luz Schmidt (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Aeschynomene indica flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Aeschynomene indica flower picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Aeschynomene indica fruit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)
Aeschynomene indica fruit picture by Fernando da Luz Schmidt (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Aeschynomene indica world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Burundi, Bonaire, Sint Eustatius and Saba, Bangladesh, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, Botswana, Canada, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Ethiopia, Fiji, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Guatemala, Honduras, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Japan, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Cambodia, Korea (Republic of), Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Mexico, Mali, Myanmar, Mongolia, Northern Mariana Islands, Mozambique, Mauritania, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Nepal, Pakistan, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Sudan, Senegal, Singapore, El Salvador, Somalia, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Aeschynomene indica threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:472784-1
WFO ID wfo-0000173414
COL ID 65BW2
BDTFX ID 81988
INPN ID 447156
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Aeschynomene indica Aeschynomene kashmiriana Aeschynomene viscidula Aeschynomene cachemiriana Aeschynomene macropoda Aeschynomene montana Aeschynomene pumila Aeschynomene punctata Aeschynomene roxburghii Aeschynomene subviscosa Hedysarum virginicum Hedysarum neli-tali Aeschynomene diffusa Aeschynomene glaberrima Aeschynomene oligantha Smithia aspera Aeschynomene quadrata Aeschynomene indica var. viscosa Aeschynomene indica var. punctata