Ailanthus triphysa (Dennst.) Alston

Species

Angiosperms > Sapindales > Simaroubaceae > Ailanthus

Characteristics

Tree, up to 45 m high and 0.75(-1.5) m ø. Leaves 6-17(-30)-jugate, 20-70 cm long; leaflets glabrous above, more or less pubescent beneath, obliquely ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, rarely ovate or oblong, falcate, acuminate, (5-) 9-15(-26) by 2.5-5½ cm; nerves 8-20 pairs; usually at the end of the midrib beneath a hairy gland, making the apex obtuse or even emarginate, apex rarely acute; on the undersurface in the forks of the usually dichotomous-branching nerves usually a circumvallate, more or less hairy, often pitted gland, sometimes obscured by a hair tuft. Panicles dense and many-flowered, more or less pubescent, c. 20-60 cm long. Bracts small, ovate to triangular, caducous. Pedicels up to c. 4 mm. Calyx pubescent, less than 1 mm high, the triangular, acute lobes as long as the tube or a little longer. Petals glabrous or nearly so, c. 3-5 by 1-1.5 mm. Filaments tortuous-folded in bud, filiform or sometimes attenuating from the base to the top, usually with spreading hairs beneath, c. 1-3 mm long in female and c. 3-6 mm long in male flowers; anthers c. 1.2 by 1 mm in male flowers, smaller in female flowers. Carpels (2-)3(-4), glabrous, c. 2-2.5 by 1-1.5 mm; styles free or coherent at the base, connate at the top, c. 1.5 mm; stigma (2-)3(-4)-lobed, peltate, c. 2 mm ø. Samaras 1-3(-4), obtuse at the apex, main vascular bundle towards the seed intramarginal, scar of the style at the same level as the seed, c. 4.5-8 by 1 1/3-2.5 cm; pedicels 8-20 mm.
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Trees, evergreen, usually 15-20(-45) m tall. Leaves pinnate, 30-60 cm; leaflets 6-17(-30) pairs; petiolule pubescent, 5-7 mm; blades ovate-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, 15-20 × 2.5-5.5 cm, thinly leathery, base broadly cuneate or slightly rounded, oblique, margin entire, apex acuminate, abaxially ± shortly pubescent or glabrous. Panicles axillary, ± shortly pubescent, 25-50 cm; bracts small, ovate or deltoid, 5-7 mm, early caducous. Pedicel ca. 2 mm. Calyx abaxially pilose, 5-lobed, lobes shorter than 1 mm, deltoid, as long as tube. Petals 5, glabrous or nearly so, ca. 2.5 × 1-1.5 mm, valvate. Stamens 10, inserted at base of disk; filaments gracile, curved and folded in buds, lower part pilose, 1-3 mm in females, 3-6 mm in males; anthers ca. 1 mm in male, shorter in female. Carpels 3, glabrous, 2-2.5 mm; styles free or connate at base; stigmas 3-lobed, lobes shield-shaped, ca. 2 mm wide. Samarium 4.5-8 × 1.5-2.5 cm, both tops slightly obtuse. Seeds flat, surrounded by wing. Fl. Oct-Nov, fr. Jun-Mar.
Evergreen tree to 30 m high, rarely to 45 m. Leaves with 6–30 pairs of leaflets, to 70 cm long; leaflets mostly ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, falcate, acuminate, entire, 3–15 cm long, rarely more, glabrous or pubescent below; base cuneate, oblique; stipules caducous, c. 0.5 mm long. Calyx lobes less than 1 mm long. Petals elliptic, 2.5–5 mm long, glabrous or nearly so. Stamens 3–6 mm long, shorter in female flowers. Carpels 2–4, glabrous; styles connate or free at base; stigmas connate, peltate. Samara 4.5–8 cm long, 1.5–2.5 cm wide.
An evergreen tree. It grows 15-20 m tall. The leaves are 30-60 cm long. The leaves have 6-17 pairs of leaflets along the stalk. The leaflets are oval and 15-20 cm long by 3-6 cm wide. They are wedge shaped or rounded at the base and taper to the tip. The flower panicles are in the axils of leaves. The fruit are 5-8 cm by 2-3 cm. The seeds are flat with a wing around them.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 30.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In forests, usually very rare, under both everwet and seasonal conditions, according to BURKILL intolerant of shade, from the lowland up to ± 600 m. Fl. Jan.-Dec.
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An emergent or canopy tree in wet evergreen and seasonal primary forests at elevations up to 600 metres
It is a tropical plant. It grows in open woodland below 100-600 m above sea level. In Yunnan.
Found especially in coastal rainforest.
Light -
Soil humidity 7-9
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses. The resin, obtained by making incisions in the bark, is used as incense and medicinally in India. In Indo-China the bark is burned as incense. The bark and the leaves are in great repute as a tonic, especially in debility after childbirth. They also possess febrifuge properties and are useful in dyspeptic complaints. The wood is used for making wooden shoes in Luzon; in India for fishing floats, catamarans, sword-handles, and spear-sheaths, and in Ceylon for teaboxes ( BURKILL Dict. Ec. Prod, Mal. Pen. 1 1935 79 ).
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The ripe fruit are eaten.
Uses construction dye essential oil food gum material medicinal tea wood
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Antipyretics (bark), Bronchitis (bark), Constipation (bark), Dysentery (bark), Dyspepsia (bark), Flatulence (bark), General tonic for rejuvenation (bark), Typhoid fever (bark), Bronchitis (plant exudate), Dysentery (plant exudate), Debility (unspecified), Incense (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Mosquito control (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 10 - 15
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ailanthus triphysa unspecified picture

Distribution

Ailanthus triphysa world distribution map, present in Australia, China, Indonesia, India, Iceland, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:813557-1
WFO ID wfo-0001140390
COL ID BCCF
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Pongelion fauvelianum Pongelion imberbiflorum Ailanthus philippinensis Hebonga mollis Hebonga obliqua Hebonga siamensis Ailanthus imberbiflora Ailanthus kurzii Adenanthera triphysa Ailanthus triphysa Ailanthus malabaricus Ailanthus imberbiflora var. macartneyi