Allium cernuum Roth

Nodding onion (en), Ail penchée (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Allium

Characteristics

Bulbs 2–5+, clustered, often short-rhizomatous at base, rhizome not stout or iris-like, oblong, elongate, 1–3 × 0.8–1.5 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, grayish or brownish, membranous, minutely striate, cells in regular vertical rows, narrowly elongate, fibers persistent, parallel, few; inner coats white to pink or reddish, cells in regular vertical rows, narrowly elongate. Leaves persistent, green at anthesis, 3–5, basally sheathing, sheaths not extending much above soil level; blade solid, flat, channeled to broadly V-shaped in cross section, 10–25 cm × 1–6 mm, margins entire or denticulate. Scape persistent, sometimes 2 or more produced successively from single bulb, usually clustered, nodding, solid, terete or ridged, particularly distally, sometimes flattened and narrowly winged, abruptly recurved near apex, 10–50 cm × 1–3 mm. Umbel persistent, cernuous, loose, 8–35-flowered, hemispheric, bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 2, 3-veined, lanceolate, ± equal, apex acuminate, beakless. Flowers campanulate, 4–6 mm; tepals ± erect, pink or white, elliptic-ovate, ± equal, withering in fruit, margins ± entire, apex ± obtuse, at least outer tepals strongly incurved, midribs not thickened; stamens exserted; anthers yellow; pollen yellow; ovary conspicuously crested; processes 6, flattened, ± triangular, margins entire or toothed; style exserted, linear, ± equaling stamens; stigma capitate, scarcely thickened, unlobed; pedicel 6–25 mm, becoming stouter in fruit, elongating and bending abruptly upward from near point of attachment. Seed coat dull or shining; cells smooth, minutely roughened, or each with minute, central papilla. 2n = 14.
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Bulb slenderly conic, very gradually tapering into the stem; lvs several, arising near together at the soil-surface, shorter than the stem, 2–4(–8) mm wide; scape 3–6 dm, abruptly declined near the top; umbel nodding (at least in bud), many-fld, without bulblets; pedicels 12–25 mm, becoming rigid; tep white to rose, ovate or elliptic, 4–6 mm, obtuse or subacute; stamens exsert; filaments barely widened at base; fr obovoid, 3-lobed, 4 mm, each valve (and each lobe of the ovary) bearing 2 erect triangular processes near the top; 2n=14. Dry woods, rocky banks, and prairies; N.Y. to Mich., Minn., and B.C., s. to Va., Ky., and Mo., and in the mts. to Ga., Ala., and Ariz. July, Aug. (A. allegheniense; A. oxyphilum Wherry, of shale-barrens, with few, whitish fls, may merit some recognition)
An onion family bulb plant. It grows to 45 cm high and is 25 cm wide. The bulb is about 50 mm tall and 15 mm wide. The bulbs are grouped on a short rhizome. There are up to 6 leaves per bulb and they are flattened. They are 40 cm long. The flowering stems carry a drooping head of flowers. There are 20-30 pale pink or red, cup-shaped flowers. The flower heads straighten when seeds form.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.18 - 0.1
Mature height (meter) 0.45 - 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate plant. The plant grows naturally on ledges, gravels, rocky or wooded slopes and crests ascending to high altitudes in North America from Canada to Mexico. It prefers light well drained soil. Established plants can tolerate drought. It can grow in seaside gardens. It suits hardiness zones 6-10.
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Ledges, gravels, rocky or wooded slopes and crests ascending to high elevations. Widely distributed on moist soils in mountainous and cool regions; at elevations from 600-3,500 metres.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The bulbs are eaten raw or cooked. They are best cooked. They can be dried. The leaves are eaten raw or cooked. The flowers are used raw or to flavour salads.
Uses environmental use food forage insecticide medicinal spice
Edible bulbs flowers leaves roots seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (bulb), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Liver Aid (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Urinary Aid (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Cough (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed or by separating bulbs.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 14 - 16
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -23
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Allium cernuum habit picture by jimmysong (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Allium cernuum leaf picture by jimmysong (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Allium cernuum flower picture by Amber LeBlanc (cc-by-sa)
Allium cernuum flower picture by Edward Camp (cc-by-sa)
Allium cernuum flower picture by Gina Mascarella (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Allium cernuum world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Canada, Colombia, Micronesia (Federated States of), Georgia, Nicaragua, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:527801-1
WFO ID wfo-0000755924
COL ID 65VJN
BDTFX ID 121480
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Allium cernuum f. alba Allium recurvatum Calliprena cernua Allium alatum Allium allegheniense Allium nutans Allium oxyphilum Gynodon cernuus Gynodon elliotii Gynodon rupestris Cepa cernua Allium neomexicanum Allium tricorne Allium cernuum subsp. neomexicanum Allium cernuum subsp. obtusum Allium cernuum var. neomexicanum Allium cernuum f. obtusum Allium cernuum var. obtusum Allium cernuum