Allium neapolitanum Cirillo

White garlic (en), Ail de Naples (fr), Ail blanc (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Allium

Characteristics

Bulbs 1–10+, not clustered on stout primary rhizome, rhizomes absent, bulbs absent or ± equaling parent bulbs, never appearing as basal cluster, subglobose, 1–2 × 1–2 cm; outer coats enclosing renewal bulbs, brown, cellular-reticulate, membranous, reticulum delicate, cells ± quadrate, without fibers; inner coats white, cells obscure, ± rectangular, vertically elongate. Leaves persistent, green at anthesis, 2–3, sheathing proximal 1/5–1/4 scape; blade solid, flat, not falcate, carinate, 15–50 cm × 5–20 mm, margins entire to denticulate. Scape persistent, solitary, erect, solid, ± triquetrous, 2-edged or slightly winged proximally, terete distally, 20–60 cm × 2–7 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, loose, 10–25-flowered, ± hemispheric, bulbils unknown; spathe bract persistent, 1, 8–9-veined, ovate, ± equal, equaling pedicel, apex acute. Flowers ± erect, saucer-shaped, 7–12 mm; tepals spreading, white, broadly elliptic, ± equal, becoming membranous and connivent over capsule, margins entire, apex obtuse; stamens included; anthers yellow; pollen yellow; ovary crestless; style linear, ± equaling stamens; stigma capitate, scarcely thickened, unlobed; pedicel 15–35 mm. Seed coat not known.
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Bulb globose, 1-2 cm diam., with non-stipitate offset bulbs. Leaves 2-3, c. 25 × 1-2 cm, flat, margins finely toothed or ciliate. Scape 20-60 cm high, sheathed at base only, subtriquetrous with 2 angles acute, almost winged, the third more obtuse. Umbels 5-8 cm diam., many-flowered, ± flat-topped; pedicels ± 3 times length of flowers, rigid; spathe-valve 1, persistent. Flowers white, 8-10 mm long, ± 1  diam., campanulate; segments ovate-elliptic, obtuse. stamens c. ½ length of perianth; filaments simple without appendages. Capsule c. 7 mm long, ± globose, papery, few-seeded. Seeds black, angled, 2-3 mm long.
Bulb subglobose, 1–2 cm diam.; outer tunic membranous with minute sinuate patterning; bulblets several. Leaves usually 2 or 3, flat, keeled, 8–35 cm long, 5–30 mm wide. Scape 20–50 cm long, slightly 3-angled. Umbel fastigiate or hemispherical, many-flowered, without bulbils; pedicels 1.5–3.5 cm long; spathe entire. Perianth cup-shaped or stellate; segments 7–12 mm long, obtuse, white. Stamens included; filaments very narrowly triangular below, 5–6 mm long. Capsule c. 5 mm long.
An onion family plant. A bulb plant. It grows to 10-30 cm high. The bulbs are 10-20 mm across. There are 2-3 flat leaves with keels per bulb. The leaves are narrow and blue-green. They are 30 cm long. The flower stems are almost triangle shaped. They can be 60 cm long. The flowers are white and cup-shaped. They are in a slightly nodding head. The heads are 8 cm wide. They have a sweet scent.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a warm temperate to Mediterranean climate plant. It grows in dry grassy and stony habitats. In Hobart Botanical gardens. It suits hardiness zones 8-10. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Dry grassy places and fields.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-6
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-9

Usage

The bulbs are eaten raw or cooked. The leaves are eaten raw or cooked. The flowers are used raw or cooked.
Uses environmental use food medicinal
Edible bulbs flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by divisions or seedlings. Seeds needs stratification.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Allium neapolitanum habit picture by mu saget (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum habit picture by Sylvain Piry (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum habit picture by Olivier Zol (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Allium neapolitanum leaf picture by jimenez miguel (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum leaf picture by Kevin Fabiani (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum leaf picture by nicolas soriano (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Allium neapolitanum flower picture by galles cymru (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum flower picture by jimenez miguel (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum flower picture by viviplantes (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Allium neapolitanum fruit picture by Vinciane Bertrand (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum fruit picture by Monique Jullien (cc-by-sa)
Allium neapolitanum fruit picture by Visentin Elizabeth (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Allium neapolitanum world distribution map, present in Albania, Australia, Cyprus, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, France, Georgia, Greece, Italy, Libya, Morocco, New Zealand, Pakistan, Palau, Portugal, Singapore, Turks and Caicos Islands, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528470-1
WFO ID wfo-0000756802
COL ID 5TX76
BDTFX ID 3090
INPN ID 81445
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nothoscordum inodorum Allium candidum Allium cowanii Allium liliflorum Allium sieberianum Allium subhirsutum Allium sulcatum Geboscon inodorum Allium amblyopetalum Allium subhirsutum Nothoscordum inodorum Allium inodorum Allium album Allium lacteum Allium laetum Allium gouanii Allium candidissimum Nectaroscordum neapolitanum Allium neapolitanum var. angustifolium Allium subhirsutum var. glabrum Allium subhirsutum subsp. album Allium neapolitanum