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Allium oleraceum L.

Field garlic (en), Allium des maraichers (fr), Ail des jardins (fr), Ail des endroits cultivés (fr), Ail potager (fr), Ail des champs (fr), Ail maraîcher (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Allium

Characteristics

Bulb ovoid, 1–2 cm diam.; outer tunics membranous; bulblets few or absent. Leaves 2–4, sheathing lower ½-⅔ of scape, terete, hollow in lower part, to 25 cm long, 0.5–6 mm wide. Scape 25–90 cm long. Umbel loose, few-to many-flowered, diffuse, with numerous bulbils; pedicels 1.5–6 cm long, unequal, slightly flattened or winged; spathe usually 2-lobed, both lobes much longer than pedicels. Perianth cup-shaped; segments c. 7 mm long, obtuse, whitish, tinged with brown, pink or green. Stamens included or slightly exserted; filaments 4.5–5.5 mm long. Capsule rarely produced.
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Bulbs ovoid-conic, 1–2 cm; stem slender, 3–6 dm; lvs linear, flat, 8–30 cm × 2–4 mm; umbel erect, subtended by 2 elongate linear bracts, bearing a few sessile bulblets and numerous nodding, red-purple or violet fls; stamens usually exsert, the filaments all slender; 2n=32, 40. Native of Europe, rarely adventive in our range.
An onion family plant. A bulb plant. It grows to 60 cm high. Bulbs are 1-2 cm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.05
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Dry grassy places, waysides etc. Meadows, steppes, slopes, scrub, and sometimes as weed.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows naturally in dry grassy places in Britain.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 3-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 6-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The bulbs are eaten raw or cooked. The leaves are eaten raw or cooked. The flowers are used raw. The bulbils are eaten raw or cooked.
Uses food medicinal
Edible bulbs flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Wen (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or by dividing the clumps. The bulbils can also be planted.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 365
Germination temperacture (C°) 10
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Allium oleraceum habit picture by beurny (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Allium oleraceum leaf picture by Adrian Larsonneur (cc-by-sa)
Allium oleraceum leaf picture by Vincent Vincelife767 (cc-by-sa)
Allium oleraceum leaf picture by Chess Bathory (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Allium oleraceum flower picture by Alain Bureau (cc-by-sa)
Allium oleraceum flower picture by Heinz Gass (cc-by-sa)
Allium oleraceum flower picture by charles ppl bouchard (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Allium oleraceum fruit picture by Alexander Baransky (cc-by-sa)
Allium oleraceum fruit picture by Udo Herkommer (cc-by-sa)
Allium oleraceum fruit picture by Georg Lanzl (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Allium oleraceum world distribution map, present in Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Finland, France, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528525-1
WFO ID wfo-0000756866
COL ID 65X6Z
BDTFX ID 3104
INPN ID 81457
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Allium intermedium Allium virens Allium virescens Cepa oleracea Codonoprasum alpicola Codonoprasum complanatum Codonoprasum intermedium Codonoprasum oleraceum Allium parviflorum Allium scabrum Allium oxypetalum Allium complanatum Raphione oleracea Porrum oleraceum Allium pallens var. pseudooleraceum Allium oleraceum var. carinatum Allium oleraceum var. latifolium Codonoprasum viridiflorum Allium oleraceum
WorldFloraDB 2024