Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.

Chinese chives (en), Ail (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Allium

Characteristics

Bulbs 1–3, borne on stout, ± horizontal rhizome, elongate, cylindric or conic, 0.5–1.5 × 0.7–2 cm; outer coats enclosing 1 or more bulbs, brown, reticulate, cells ± fine-meshed, open, fibrous; inner coats white, cells closely parallel, elongate. Leaves withering from tip by anthesis, 2–5, sheathing scape to ± soil level; blade solid, flat, carinate abaxially, 20–40 cm × 2–6 mm, margins entire. Scape persistent, solitary, erect, terete, 30–50 cm × 1–3 mm. Umbel persistent, erect, loose, 20–50-flowered, hemispheric-globose, bulbils unknown; spathe bracts persistent, 1–3, 3–7-veined, lance-ovate, shorter than pedicel, apex acuminate. Flowers substellate, 4–9 mm; tepals spreading, white with green or brownish midveins, lanceolate to elliptic, ± equal, withering and exposing capsule, margins entire, apex obtuse or acute; stamens included; anthers purple; pollen white; ovary crestless; style linear, ± equaling stamens; stigma capitate, unlobed; pedicel 10–30 mm. Seed coat shining; cells smooth, irregularly shaped, with ± sinuous walls.
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Bulbs clustered, cylindric; tunic dull yellow to yellowish brown, reticulate to subreticulate. Leaves linear, shorter than scape, 1.5--8 mm wide, flat, solid, margin smooth. Scape 25--60 cm, terete, usually 2-angled, covered with leaf sheaths only at base. Spathe 2-or 3-valved, persistent. Umbel hemispheric to subglobose, laxly many flowered. Pedicels subequal, 2--4 × as long as perianth, bracteolate and several covered with a common bract at base. Perianth white; segments usually with green or yellowish green midvein; outer ones oblong-ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 4--7(--8) × 1.8--3 mm; inner ones oblong-obovate, 4--7(--8) × 2.1--3.5 mm. Filaments narrowly triangular, equal, 2/3--4/5 as long as perianth segments, connate at base and adnate to perianth segments; inner ones slightly wider than outer at base. Ovary obconical-globose, minutely tuberculate, without concave nectaries at base. Fl. and fr. Jul--Sep. 2 n = 16*, 24*, 32*.
An onion family plant. It is a herb which keeps growing year after year. It can be 40 cm high. It grows in clumps. These onions have rhizomes but no real bulbs. The leaves are long and grass like, and flat and solid. They are 15-30 cm long and about 5 mm wide. The young leaves are erect but the mature leaves bend gracefully down. The blades of the leaves are not folded length-wise, as are those of garlic and leek. Flowers are white. The flowers are produced at the top of a flower stalk which grows from the underground stem. The flower head is round due to the small flowers being on the same length stalks and arising from the same point. The flower stalk can be 45 cm long. A dense clump of plants is produced.
Bulb indistinct, narrowly ovoid to ovoid, 15-20 by c. 15 mm, several set on a rhizome. Protective bulbcoat-leaves several, broken up into netted fibres, light brown to brown. Foliage leaves 4-9, sub-erect or curved, flat, slighdy rounded or keeled on lower surface, 13-45 cm by 2-10 mm. Inflorescence umbellate. Flowers stellate; tepals white; stamens ± equalling tepals.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.5
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) 0.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A temperate plant. They are native to eastern Asia. Seeds are rarely formed in the lowland tropics. It is naturalised in S China. In Indonesia it grows up to 2,200 m above sea level. It suits hardiness zones 7-10. In Yunnan.
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Not known in a truly wild situation.
Not known in a truly wild situation.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

The leaves and young flowers are used to flavour foods. The bulbs are used like garlic.
Uses environmental use fodder food gene source medicinal seasoning
Edible bulbs flowers leaves pods rhizomes roots seeds
Therapeutic use Abdominal pain (bulb), Eye infections (bulb), Fever (bulb), Heart diseases (bulb), Thrombosis (bulb), Disorder of ejaculation (seed), Bite(Bug) (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Food (unspecified), Hematemesis (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Urethra (unspecified), Bite(Dog) (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Spermatorrhea (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Intestinal tonic (unspecified), Astringents (whole plant), Expectorants (whole plant), Flatulence (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by dividing the clump of plants or by seed. Seed production is not easy. Plants are sown in rows 30 cm apart.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 42
Germination temperacture (C°) -5 - 3
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -18
Optimum temperature (C°) 10 - 20
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Allium tuberosum leaf picture by Claudia Kadlec (cc-by-sa)
Allium tuberosum leaf picture by Jan Bárta (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Allium tuberosum flower picture by flo floglo (cc-by-sa)
Allium tuberosum flower picture by maya pie (cc-by-sa)
Allium tuberosum flower picture by amy lemire (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Allium tuberosum world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Austria, Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Canada, China, Cuba, Czech Republic, Indonesia, India, Japan, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Mongolia, Malaysia, Nepal, Nauru, Pakistan, Philippines, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Seychelles, Thailand, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:529062-1
WFO ID wfo-0000757641
COL ID 65X99
BDTFX ID 2915
INPN ID 81539
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Nothoscordum sulvia Allium angulosum Allium clarkei Allium sulvia Allium tuberosum Allium uliginosum Allium yesoense Allium argyi Allium roxburghii Allium yezoense Allium chinense Allium tuberosum f. yezoense Allium tuberosum