Allium vineale L.

Stag's garlic (en), Ail des vignes (fr), Oignon bâtard (fr), Aillet (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Amaryllidaceae > Allium

Characteristics

Bulb globose to ovoid, to 3 × 2.5 cm, tunic whitish, membranous, easily separated at base, with several stipitate offset bulbs. Leaves sub-cylindric, hollow, slender, < scape, upper surface ± grooved. Scape erect, slender, 30-9  high, sheathed for ½-⅓ its length. Umbels < 2 cm diam., with flowers and bulbils (Var. vineale), or more commonly with bulbils and without flowers (var. compactum (Thuill.) Bor.); pedicels several times > flowers; spathe-valve 1, soon decidous. Flowers c. 5 mm long, green to white, often purplish, campanulate; segments lanceolate, acute, keeled. Stamens exserted, each inner filament with 2 prominent lateral appendages > anther, outer 3 filaments simple. Capsule not seen.
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Bulb ovoid, 1–2 cm diam.; outer tunics splitting into strips with parallel fibres; bulblets light yellowish brown. Leaves 2–4, sheathing lower ⅓–⅔ of scape, almost cylindrical, hollow, 15–60 cm long, 1.5–4 mm wide. Scape 30–120 cm long, terete. Umbel usually few-flowered, with several to many narrowly obovoid bulbils, sometimes without flowers; pedicels 5–30 cm long, unequal; spathe caducous, entire, shortly beaked. Perianth campanulate; segments c. 3–4.5 mm long, 1.2–1.5 mm wide, obtuse or subacute, smooth, pink or greenish white. Stamens slightly or distinctly exserted; outer 3 filaments simple, 3.5–4 mm long; inner 3 tricuspidate. Capsule 3–3.5 mm long.
Bulb round-ovoid, 1–2 cm; stem slender, 3–10 dm; lvs cauline, few–several, nearly terete except at the base, very slender, mostly 1–2 dm, hollow at least below; umbel erect, subtended by a short invol, often producing only bulblets, these ovoid, usually tipped by a long, fragile, rudimentary lf; normal fls on pedicels 1–2 cm, red-purple or pink, sometimes white or greenish; tep acute or acutish; inner stamens with broad flat filaments, ending in 2 exsert hair-like appendages exceeding the anther; 2n=16, 32, 40. Native of Europe, established as a noxious weed of lawns, fields, and meadows in our range. June.
An onion family plant. It is a bulb plant. The plant has round stems which are almost filled with pith. It can grow 1 m high. The leaves are like cylinders and are hollow. There are 2-4 leaves and they are cylinder shaped. They sheath the lower half of the flowering stalk. The flowers are pink, white or greenish. The young flower heads usually have a bract and a sharp green spike at the top. Some bulbils occur in the head.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate and Mediterranean climate plant. It grows in dry pasture and cultivated and fallow land. Tasmania Herbarium.
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Fields and roadsides to elevations of 450 metres in Britain, often a serious weed of pastures.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

The bulb is used to flavour salads and meat. The tender young tips are finely chopped and used in salads.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible bulbs flowers leaves roots
Therapeutic use Hypotensive (bulb), Pulmonary Aid (bulb), Hypotensive (root), Pulmonary Aid (root), Carminative (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Ear Medicine (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Misc. Disease Remedy (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Snake Bite Remedy (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from the bulbs and the bulbils.
Mode -
Germination duration (days) 10 - 20
Germination temperacture (C°) 17 - 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment stratification
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Allium vineale habit picture by Irmgard Groß (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale habit picture by Jean-Marie Frenoux (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale habit picture by Daniel Bourget (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Allium vineale leaf picture by domhenig (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale leaf picture by Ella Fox (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale leaf picture by nico197 (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Allium vineale flower picture by van der Drift Aad (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale flower picture by Alice Aubert (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale flower picture by jinty67 Jeanette Sanders 1967 (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Allium vineale fruit picture by Lindsay Cotterell (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale fruit picture by van der Drift Aad (cc-by-sa)
Allium vineale fruit picture by Gregory Leveau (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Allium vineale world distribution map, present in Åland Islands, Albania, Australia, Austria, Bulgaria, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Algeria, Spain, Finland, France, Micronesia (Federated States of), United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Italy, Morocco, Malaysia, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sweden, Turks and Caicos Islands, Ukraine, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:529111-1
WFO ID wfo-0000757711
COL ID 668WJ
BDTFX ID 3276
INPN ID 81544
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Porrum capitatum Allium affine Allium assimile Allium campestre Allium laxiflorum Allium rilaense Allium subvineale Allium arenarium Allium rotundum Allium sphaerocephalum Allium compactum Allium littoreum Allium purshii Allium nitens Porrum vineale Getuonis vinealis Allium sphaerocephalum Allium guttatum var. compactum Allium vineale var. kochii Allium margaritaceum var. bulbiferum Allium vineale var. asperiflorum Allium vineale var. capsuliferum Allium vineale subsp. capsuliferum Allium vineale subsp. compactum Allium vineale var. compactum Allium vineale subsp. kochii Allium vineale var. descendens Allium vineale var. nitens Allium vineale var. multiflorum Allium vineale var. bulbiferum Allium vineale var. affine Allium vineale var. purshii Allium vineale subsp. affine Allium vineale subsp. asperiflorum Allium vineale