Aloe arborescens Mill.

Candelabra aloe (en), Aloé candélabre (fr), Aloès Candélabre (fr), Aloès arborescent (fr), Aloès de Krantz (fr), Corne-de-cerf (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asphodelaceae > Aloe

Characteristics

Plants tall, many branched, arborescent shrubs 2-3 met. high and about as broad. Stem up to 30 cm, diam. at base, many branched and rebranched from the base or higher, old dried leaves persistent for 30-60 cm below the terminal rosettes of leaves, the rosettes up to 80 cm diam. Leaves many in a dense rosette, erectly-spreading to spreading and somewhat falcately deflexed, rather fleshy, averaging about 50-60 cm long, 5-7 cm, broad at base, gradually narrowing to the apex; upper surface usually flat, without spots or lines, dull green to grey-green; lower surface convex, dull green; margins armed with firm (not horny or pungent) pale teeth 3-5 mm long, 5-20 mm distant, the teeth usually curved forward, smaller and more crowded near base, larger and more distant upwards. Inflorescence usually simple, sometimes with a short branch, about 80 cm high including the raceme, 2-4 simultaneously from a rosette. Peduncle usually arcuate-erect, with several broadly deltoid slightly fleshy to sub-scarious many-nerved sterile bracts about 20 mm long, 15 mm broad. Racemes varying from conical (broader and shorter) to elongate-conical (narrower and longer), 20-30 cm long, about 10-12 cm diam., densely flowered, the apical buds densely congested and forming an acuminate apex, open flowers a little laxer. Bracts lowest ovate-acute to obtuse, 15-20 mm long, 10-12 mm broad, thin, sub-scarious, many-nerved, basally amplexicaul. Pedicels the lowest 35-40 mm long. Perianth nearest scarlet (R.C.S. I) cylindric-trigonous, exceedingly slightly trigonously constricted above the ovary, enlarging very slightly towards the throat, averaging 40 mm long; outer segments free to base, obscurely nerved, apices sub-acute slightly spreading; inner segments free, not cohering to the outer, broader than the outer, white, and with a keel the colour of the perianth turning greenish near apex, apices more obtuse and more spreading than the outer. Filaments filiform-flattened, the 3 inner narrower and lengthening in advance of the 3 outer. Anthers the 3 inner and 3 outer in turn exserted up to 5 mm Stigma at length exserted 5 mm. Ovary 9-10 mm long, 3 mm diam., finely 6-grooved, green.
More
Many-branched shrub 2-3 m high. Leaves erect to spreading, falcately deflexed, 50-60 cm long, 5-7 cm broad at base, narrowing to apex; adaxial surface dull green to grey-green; abaxial surface dull green; margins with pale teeth 3-5 mm long. Inflorescence simple, to 90 cm tall; scape subtended by bracts c. 20 mm long and 15 mm wide. Racemes conical to elongate-conical, 20-30 cm long, 10-12 cm diam.; flowers congested; bracts ovate, acute to obtuse, 15-20 mm long; pedicels 35-40 mm long. Perianth trigonous-cylindrical, slightly constricted above ovary, 40 mm long, scarlet; sepals and petals sub-acute, spreading, the 2 whorls not cohering. Stigma exserted 5 mm. Fruit not seen.
Much-branched arborescent shrubs up to 3 m tall; if on rock faces then solitary to few-branched. Leaves many per rosette, spreading to slightly reflexed, 250-600 x 20-70 mm, blue-green. Inflorescence usually a simple, rarely branched, dense, broadly conical, ±800 mm long raceme; bracts ovate-acute, 12-20 x 7-12 mm, many-nerved. Flowers scarlet throughout, or becoming yellow at anthesis, 30-40 mm long; pedicels 20-40 mm long. Anthers exserted 1-5 mm. Ovary 4-10 x 1.5-3.0 mm, green; style exserted 3-9 mm. Fruit ±22 x 6-7 mm, pale grey. Flowering season (April to) June to July, depending on locality.
Succulent, perennial shrub. Stems 2-3 m high, much branched to form arborescent shrub, only terminal portion with leaves. Leaves dull green to grey-green, without spots, 0.5-0.6 m long, margins with firm, pale teeth, usually curved forward. Inflorescences several, usually simple, erect, ± 0.8 m high, with conical to elongate-conical, dense racemes. Flowers scarlet, orange or occasionally yellow; stamens and stigma exserted. Flowering time May-Aug.
Succulent, perennial shrub; caulescent. Stems 2-3 m high, much branched to form an arborescent shrub. Leaves dull green to grey-green, without spots, 0.5-0.6 m long; margins with firm, pale teeth, usually curved forward. Flowers: inflorescence usually simple, erect, ± 0.8 m high, with conical to elongate-conical, dense racemes; stamens and stigma exserted; perianth ± 40 mm long, orange, scarlet, or occasionally yellow; May-Aug.
A mounding shrub. It forms clumps. It can be 2-3 m tall. The stems are 2-3 m long. The leaves are in crowded rinds at the ends of stems. The leaves are spreading and sword shaped. They are 50-60 cm long by 5-7 cm wide. They are dull green with pale teeth along the edge. The leaves taper to a long tip. They curve downwards. The flowering arrangement is upright or horizontal and usually un-branched. The flowers hang down.
Succulent shrub to 3 m, much branched with leaves clustered at branch tips. Leaves dull green to grey-green, without spots, 50-60 cm long; margins with firm, pale teeth, usually curved forward. Racemes conical to elongate conical, usually simple, ± 80 cm high. Flowers scarlet, orange-red, rarely yellow; stamens and stigma exserted.
Leaves in a dense rosette at the apex of each branch, spreading becoming recurved; lamina up to 60 cm long, 5–7 cm wide at the base, lanceolate-attenuate, greyish-green, without spots, tinged reddish in dry conditions; margin with firm forward-pointing yellow deltoid teeth 3–5 mm long and 10–15 mm apart.
A many-branched arborescent, succulent shrub, up to 3 m high. Leaves many per rosette, spreading to slightly reflexed, blue-green. Inflorescence simple, 0.8 m long. Racemes dense. Pedicels 20-40 mm long. Flowers scarlet throughout or becoming yellow at anthesis.
Perianth bright orange-scarlet, paler towards the mouth, green-tipped in bud, 35–40 mm long, c. 7 mm in diameter across the ovary, cylindric-trigonous; outer segments free to the base, tips scarcely spreading.
Raceme 20–40 × c. 10 cm, cylindric-acuminate, very densely flowered, the buds covered by the bracts; bracts 15–20 × 10–12 mm, broadly ovate, scarious, brown, many-nerved; pedicels 30–40 mm long.
Inflorescences 1–4 from each rosette, erect, up to c. 60 cm tall; peduncle simple or rarely with one short branch, with a few sterile bracts below the raceme.
Stem to 30 cm in diameter, branching at or near the base, much branched above; stem and branches usually covered with persistent dried leaf remains.
Seeds 1.75 × 3.5 mm, black with very narrow, whitish wings.
Capsule 17–18 × 7 mm, oblong-ovoid, yellowish-brown.
Stamens and stigma exserted c. 5 mm.
Shrub 3–5 m high.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.25 - 1.75
Mature height (meter) 2.0 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) 1.5
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway cam

Environment

Found at elevations from sea level up to 2,800 metres in montane grassland amongst rocks and in open evergreen forest, in the eastern border mountains and outliers with high local rainfall and drizzle in the dry season; also in coastal forest.
More
It is a tropical plant. It is best with well-drained soil and a partly shaded position. In Zimbabwe it grows between 1,050-2,500 m above sea level.
Light 6-9
Soil humidity 2-6
Soil texture 6-8
Soil acidity 2-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The flowers are sucked for their sweet nectar. The leaf gel is used for drinks.
Uses environmental use food food additive gene source medicinal ornamental
Edible flowers fruits leaves nectars stems
Therapeutic use Cancer(Throat) (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds. It can also be grown from cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) 18 - 26
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Aloe arborescens habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Aloe arborescens habit picture by Daniel Barthelemy (cc-by-nc)
Aloe arborescens habit picture by Víctor Bao (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Aloe arborescens leaf picture by tatum (cc-by-sa)
Aloe arborescens leaf picture by Frank Haverney (cc-by-sa)
Aloe arborescens leaf picture by W Amaury (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Aloe arborescens flower picture by Georges Gataca (cc-by-sa)
Aloe arborescens flower picture by nicolas de croutte (cc-by-sa)
Aloe arborescens flower picture by Fred VOLUT (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Aloe arborescens world distribution map, present in Australia, Brazil, Botswana, Algeria, Spain, France, Morocco, Mozambique, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, eSwatini, Tunisia, United States of America, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Aloe arborescens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:529214-1
WFO ID wfo-0000757866
COL ID C3DN
BDTFX ID 3341
INPN ID 81588
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Catevala arborescens Aloe salm-dyckiana Aloe arborescens var. frutescens Aloe arborescens var. milleri Aloe arborescens var. natalensis Aloe arborescens var. viridifolia Aloe perfoliata var. arborescens Aloe salm-dyckiana var. fulgens Aloe arborescens var. pachystyrsa Aloe arborescens

Lower taxons

Aloe arborescens subsp. arborescens Aloe arborescens subsp. mzimnyati