Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P.Beauv.

Sanguinaria (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Alternanthera

Characteristics

Spreading to ascending woody herb; young stems rooting at nodes, either glabrous or densely pubescent all-round or in 2 lines. Petiole less than 1 cm long; blade ovate to elliptical, 2-9 x 0.5-4 cm, apex acute to acuminate, mucronulate, cuneate at base, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, becoming glabrescent, hairs simple or branched near base. Inflorescence axillary or terminal, sessile heads; heads globose, 3-10 mm wide; bracts and bracteoles white, hyaline, spreading, subequal, ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 1.5-3.5 mm long, acuminate, aristate, pubescent. Tepals rigid, ovate to elliptical, 3.7-4.5(-5) mm long, acuminate, mucronate or cuspidate, brown to green below, becoming white above, hispidulous, prominently 3-veined, inner 2 tepals navicular; anthers oblong, pseudostaminodia longer than stamens, fimbriate or lacerate apically; style slender, ca. 0.3 mm long, stigma capitate. Utricle ovoid or suborbicular; seed dark reddish-brown, lenticular or cochleate, 1 x 1 mm.
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Procumbent or decumbent hispidulous or glabrate perennials, the branching stems to 100 cm. long. Leaves slightly pubescent but soon glabrate, elliptic to broadly ovate or obovate, apically acuminate to acute and mucronate, basally rounded to cuneate, 2-6 cm. long, 0.5-2 cm. wide; petioles 2-10 mm. long, usually winged. Inflorescences of stramineous to white globose to ovoid heads, 3-10 mm. long, 3-6 mm. broad, sessile in the axils. Flowers perfect, bracts and bracteoles subequal, ovate, aristate, 1.5-3 mm. long; sepals 5, the outer 3 broader, 3-ribbed, basally indurate and hispidulous, 3-5 mm. long; stamens 5, united below into a tube, the pseudostaminodia lacerate and exceeding the filaments; ovary obovoid; style 1, 2-3 times as long as the capitate stigma. Fruit an indehiscent suborbicular utricle, 1-1.5 mm. long; seeds reddish brown, cochleate-orbiculate, 0.8-1.2 mm. broad.
A spreading herb. It grows in water. It grows 20-30 cm high. The stems are branching. The leaves are narrow and 8 cm long by 1.5 cm wide. The leaf stalks are very short. The leaves are olive green above and reddish underneath. The stems and leaves are hairy. The flowers are in groups in the axils of leaves. They are in round white heads that occur singly. The fruit is dry. The seeds are black.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.2 - 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c4

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical marshes. It is common in waste places. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 500 m above sea level.
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Pastures, waste places, clearings etc.
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-11

Usage

The young leaves are eaten raw with rice. The young leaves are boiled as a pot herb. They are cooked with fish or meat in stews.
Uses environmental use medicinal
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown by division or cuttings. It can only live for a few months when under water.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Alternanthera ficoidea habit picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)
Alternanthera ficoidea habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)
Alternanthera ficoidea habit picture by Trap Hers (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Alternanthera ficoidea leaf picture by Mariogol289 Golemba (cc-by-sa)
Alternanthera ficoidea leaf picture by KP Alagu Raj (cc-by-sa)
Alternanthera ficoidea leaf picture by Mahesh Rohan (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Alternanthera ficoidea flower picture by Rajesh Gadekar (cc-by-sa)
Alternanthera ficoidea flower picture by Rajendra Rajendra Choure (cc-by-sa)
Alternanthera ficoidea flower picture by Prasanta Hembram (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Alternanthera ficoidea fruit picture by pedrogc -- (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Alternanthera ficoidea world distribution map, present in Argentina, Bangladesh, Bahamas, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Fiji, Grenada, French Guiana, Guyana, India, Saint Lucia, Mexico, Montserrat, Martinique, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Paraguay, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), South Africa, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1078972-2
WFO ID wfo-0000528554
COL ID C9FH
BDTFX ID 82836
INPN ID 631432
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Telanthera ficoidea Steiremis ficoidea Paronychia ficoidea Achyranthes ficoidea Bucholzia ficoidea Alternanthera brachiata Illecebrum ficoideum Gomphrena ficoidea Alternanthera tenella Alternanthera diffusa Alternanthera triandra Bucholzia brachiata Alternanthera ficoidea var. brachiata Alternanthera ficoidea var. diffusa Alternanthera ficoidea var. erecta Alternanthera ficoidea var. radicans Alternanthera polygonoides var. diffusa Alternanthera polygonoides var. glabrescens Bucholzia polygonoides var. erecta Bucholzia polygonoides var. radicans Alternanthera ficoidea