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Herbs annual. Stem diffuse, creeping, much branched, 20-30 cm tall, densely rigidly hairy. Petiole 3-10 mm, glabrous or hairy; leaf blade ovate, obovate, or elliptic-obovate, 1.5-4.5 × 0.5-1.5 cm, unequal in each pair, glabrous or annexed pilose, base acuminate, apex obtuse. Heads sessile, 1-3, axillary, white, globose or oblong, 5-10 mm. Bracts lanceolate, ca. 4 mm, spiny at apex; bracteoles lanceolate, 3-4 mm, apex acuminate, without spines. Tepals unequal, outer 2 lanceolate, ca. 5 mm, 3-veined below, rigid after anthesis, midvein stretching into spines; central segment elliptic, 3-3.5 mm, compressed; inner 2 small, enclosing ovary. Stamens 5; filaments 0.5-0.8 mm; pseudostaminodes shorter than filaments, entire or irregularly dentate. Style very short. Utricles brown, broadly ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
Herbs, perennial, 3-8 dm. Stems prostrate, villous. Leaves sessile; blade oval to obovate, usually as broad as long, 1.3-3 × 1.1-1.7 cm, apex rounded, pilose, glabrate. Inflorescences axillary, sessile; heads stramineous, globose to ovoid, 0.6-1 × 0.6-0.7 cm; bracts equaling tepals, apex attenuate. Flowers: tepals dimorphic, stramineous, lanceolate, 5-7 mm, apex acuminate, spinose tipped, sparsely villous, hairs barbed; stamens 5; anthers 3-5, globose; pseudostaminodes triangular, shorter than filaments, margins dentate. Utricles included within tepals, brown, compressed, 1.8 mm, apex truncate. Seeds lenticular, 1.3-1.5 mm.
Perennial or annual herb, ± 0.3 m high, sometimes woody at base, prostrate or erect to floating or scrambling. Leaves opposite, entire. Inflorescences in heads or short spikes, axillary, sessile or pedunculate; bracts persistent. Flowers bisexual, solitary in axils of bracts; bracteoles 2; tepals 4 or 5, glabrous or furnished with smooth or denticulate hairs. Fruit suborbicular or obovate in outline, usually compressed; capsule thin-walled or sometimes corky, indehiscent. Seeds ± lenticular.
Perennial herb. Stems procumbent. Leaves with blade elliptic to obovate, 15-45 x 3-27 mm, base cuneate to oblique. Flowers: inflorescence a dense axillary spike; perianth segments very dissimilar in form, ± 5 mm long, abaxial segments very long-aristate, awn ± 1/3 of total segment length, pungent, white; Jul.-Jun. Fruit orbicular, ± 0.2 mm long.
Prostrate, perennial herb. Leaves elliptic to obovate, base cuneate to oblique. Inflorescence a dense axillary spike. Perianth segments 5 mm long, pungent. Flowers white.
A herb. It can grow as an annual or continue growing from year to year. It lies along the ground. It grows from 1-10 cm high. It can form mats. The flowers are white.
