Amaranthus australis (A.Gray) Sauer

Southern amaranth (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Caryophyllales > Amaranthaceae > Amaranthus

Characteristics

Annual, dioecious herb, 1.0-2.5(-4.0) m; stems branched, erect or decumbent, glabrous, somewhat thickened and hollow at base. Petiole long, to 10 cm; blade lanceolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 6-30 x 1.5-14 cm, long-acuminate at apex, acute to rounded at base, undulate, glabrous. Inflorescence of large, terminal and axillary, lax panicles, sometimes massed as a flowering top to ca. 30 cm long, often drooping at apex; bracts 3, ovate, acute, persistent, shorter than tepals. Male flowers in narrow panicles 3-9 cm long; tepals ovate, 2.5-3 mm long, mucronate or acuminate, 1-veined; stamens 5. Female flowers in panicles 6-15 cm long; bracts of female flowers 3, rigid, resembling tepals; tepals absent; ovary ovoid, subglobose, 3-to 5-angled, stigmas 2-5. Utricle dehiscent or indehiscent, obovoid or turbinate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, 3-to 5-angled, as long as or shorter than bracts; seed brown, lenticular, lustrous, puncticulate.
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Stems erect, branched, stout to robust, usually 1.5-3 m (occasionally to 9 m!) × 30 cm. Leaves: petiole 1/3-2/3 length of blade; blade narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 10-20 × 1-4 cm, base cuneate, margins entire, plane, apex acute or long-attenuate to acuminate. Inflorescences mostly terminal, linear spikes to panicles, usually interrupted. Bracts: of pistillate flowers 1.5-2 mm; of staminate flowers with moderately heavy midribs, 1.5-2 mm. Pistillate flowers: tepals absent; style branches spreading; stigmas 3-5. Staminate flowers: tepals 5, inner tepals with moderately prominent, excurrent midribs, equal, 2-2.5 mm, apex subacute to mucronulate; stamens 5. Utricles stramineous to brown, with 3(-5) longitudinal ridges corresponding to 3-5 style branches, elliptic or obovoid, 1.5-2.5 mm, slightly fleshy, smooth (slightly rugose in herbarium specimens). Seeds reddish brown to dark brown, 1-1.2 mm diam., shiny.
A herb. It grows each year from seed. It grows 1-3 m tall.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.25 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) 10 - 15
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 19 - 30
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Amaranthus australis world distribution map, present in Colombia, Cuba, Ghana, French Guiana, Guyana, Haiti, Jamaica, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, United States of America, and Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:59414-1
WFO ID wfo-0000530063
COL ID CGY8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 764841
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Acnida alabamensis Acnida australis Amaranthus australis Acnida cuspidata Acnida cannabina var. australis