Ambrosia trifida L.

Great ragweed (en), Ambroisie trifide (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Ambrosia

Characteristics

Coarse annual weed to 2(–5) m; stem spreading-hairy above, often glabrous below; lvs opposite, petiolate, ± scabrous, broadly elliptic to more often ovate or suborbicular, often 2 dm, serrate, palmately 3–5-lobed, or, especially in depauperate individuals, lobeless; staminate invols ca 1.5 mm, slightly oblique, unilaterally evidently 3-nerved; fruiting invols 5–10 mm, several-ribbed, each rib ending in a tubercle or spine; 2n=24. Moist soil and waste places throughout our range, s. to Fla., w. to B.C. and n. Mex. (July) Aug.–Oct. The common form in most of our range is var. trifida, with the petioles of at least the upper lvs ± wing-margined, and the ribs of the fr ending in short spines. (A. striata) From s. Ill. and Mo. to Miss., Ariz., and n. Mex. is found var. texana Scheele, with wingless petioles, and with the ribs of the mostly smaller fr ending in blunt or almost obsolete tubercles. (A. aptera)
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Annuals, 30–150(–400+) cm. Stems erect. Leaves mostly opposite; petioles 10–30(–70+) mm; blades rounded-deltate to ovate or elliptic, 40–150(–250+) × 30–70(–200+) mm, usually some blades palmately 3(–5)-lobed, bases truncate to cuneate (sometimes decurrent onto petioles), margins usually toothed, rarely entire, abaxial and adaxial faces ± scabrellous and gland-dotted. Pistillate heads clustered, proximal to staminates; florets 1. Staminate heads: peduncles 1–3+ mm; involucres ± saucer-shaped, 2–4 mm diam., scabrellous (often with 1–3 black nerves); florets 3–25+. Burs: bodies ± pyramidal, 3–5(–7+) mm, glabrous or glabrate, spines 4–5, ± distal, ± acerose, 0.5–1 mm, tips straight (bases ± decurrent as ribs). 2n = 24, 48.
Annuals, 30-150 cm. Stems erect. Leaves mostly opposite; petiole 10-30(-70) mm; blade orbicular-deltate to ovate or elliptic, 4-15(-25) × 3-7(-20) cm, usually some palmately 3(-5)-lobed, both surfaces scaberulose and gland-dotted, base truncate to cuneate, sometimes decurrent onto petiole, margin usually toothed, rarely entire. Female capitula clustered, proximal to male; floret 1. Male capitula: peduncles 1-3 mm; involucres saucer-shaped, 2-4 mm in diam., scaberulose; florets 3-25. Bur pyramidal, 3-5(-7) mm, glabrous or glabrate, spines 4 or 5, apical, acerose, 0.5-1 mm, tips straight. Fl. Jul-Aug, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 24, 48.
A herb. It grows each year from seed. It grows 60 cm to 1.5 m tall. The leaves are 20 cm long and have 3 lobes divided like fingers on a hand.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.2 - 1.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Disturbed sites, waste places, damp soils; at elevations from sea level to 1,600 metres. Alluvial waste places, sometimes forming vast pure stands.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows in disturbed sites and damp soils below 1,600 m above sea level.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 3-10

Usage

Uses fiber fuel material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible seeds
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Disinfectant (leaf), Febrifuge (leaf), Psychological Aid (root), Unspecified (seed), Ceremonial Medicine (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Ambrosia trifida habit picture by Eli Small (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida habit picture by Yoan MARTIN (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Ambrosia trifida leaf picture by Melitta Duncan (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida leaf picture by j j (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida leaf picture by Josh Murray (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ambrosia trifida flower picture by Dana Snyder (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida flower picture by Holly Nobles (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida flower picture by Jochen Schäfer (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ambrosia trifida fruit picture by Adam Newman (cc-by-sa)
Ambrosia trifida fruit picture by Len Stafford (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ambrosia trifida world distribution map, present in Austria, Belgium, Belarus, Canada, Switzerland, China, Germany, Denmark, Spain, Estonia, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, Netherlands, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Ukraine, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:315739-2
WFO ID wfo-0000114875
COL ID CPQH
BDTFX ID 4082
INPN ID 82093
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ambrosia integrifolia Ambrosia trifida subsp. trifida Ambrosia trifida var. heterophylla Ambrosia trifida var. trifida Ambrosia trifida var. trifida Ambrosia trifida var. integrifolia Ambrosia trifida f. trifida Ambrosia trifida

Lower taxons

Ambrosia trifida var. texana