Ammannia baccifera L.

Monarch redstem (en), Ammannie (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Myrtales > Lythraceae > Ammannia

Characteristics

Annual often red erect or ascending simple or ± branched herb or sometimes a minute ephemeral, less often subshrubby and possibly a short-lived perennial, (0.6–)2–80 cm. tall: stems 4-angular or ± winged.. Leaves linear to elliptic, 0.7–7 cm. long, 0.15–1 (–1.6) cm. wide, narrowed to the apex, nearly always narrowed to a cuneate base, rarely obtuse or subcordate, glabrous or very slightly asperulous.. Dichasia (1–)3–many-flowered, ± lax to somewhat dense; peduncles 1(–2) mm. long; pedicels 1–2.5(–4) mm. long; bracteoles minute, linear-lanceolate.. Calyx red or green; tube turbinate-campanulate, 1–1.2(–2) mm. long; lobes 4, broadly triangular, 1–1.5 mm. long; intermediary appendages absent or very inconspicuous.. Petals nearly always absent or odd minute ones sometimes present.. Stamens 4, as long as the calyx-lobes or shorter.. Ovary globose, 0.7–1.2 mm. in diameter; style 0.1–0.3 mm. long or stigma sessile.. Capsule red, globose, 1–2.5 mm. in diameter, 1/2–3/4-included within the calyx.. Seeds brownish, concavo-convex, 0.4 mm. in diameter.. Fig. 12/26–30, p. 39.
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Herbs, annual, 10-50[-100] cm tall. Stem with numerous, ascending branches. Leaves opposite on basal stem portion, opposite or alternate toward stem apices, narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate to linear, 5-60 × 3-10 mm, base attenuate, truncate, or subcordate. Flowers 3 to many in dense axillary cymes; pedicels subsessile, to 1 mm; peduncle absent to 1 mm; bracteoles minute, not reaching floral tube. Floral tube campanulate, tapering at base, 1-2 mm; sepals 4, ca. 0.5 mm, deltate; epicalyx absent. Petals absent. Stamens 4. Style absent to 0.3 mm, much shorter than ovary. Capsules 1-2 mm in diam., 1/4-1/2 exserted. Fl. Aug-Oct, fr. Sep-Dec. 2n = 24, 26.
Herb, erect, branched, to 100 cm high. Leaves opposite, mostly subsessile; lamina oblong-linear to lanceolate or narrowly elliptic to elliptic, to 8 (–110) cm long, acute, the base attenuate. Flowers in crowded axillary cymes or clusters; peduncle to 1 mm long; pedicel to 3 mm long. Hypanthium campanulate, c. 1–2 mm deep; appendages reduced or absent. Sepals short-triangular, 1–1.5 mm long. Petals absent. Stamens 4, included. Capsule globose, 1–2 mm diam., exceeding hypanthium; dehiscence irregular.
Annual herb, 3-45 mm high. Leaves with blade linear to elliptic, 10-40 mm long, bases cuneate or cuneate at base of plant and auriculate at top of plant, rarely all auriculate; pedicels 0.5(-2.0) mm long. Flowers: sessile in compact cymes, petals 0 or very small, white (if present); Oct.-Apr. Fruit bright red to purple, spherical, 1.0-1.5 mm in diameter.
A herb. It grows 7-32 cm high. The stems can be erect or lie along the ground. The leaves often droop. They are broadly sword shaped. They are 1-47 mm long by 1-9 mm wide. The flowers are small and white. They are in small clusters in the axils of the leaves. The fruit are flattened round capsules.
base of plant and auriculate at top of plant, rarely all auriculate. Pedicels 0.5(-2.0) mm long. Petals absent or very small. Style 0.12-0.30 mm long. Flowers white (if petals present).
Dichasia (1–2)3-to many-flowered, lax or dense; peduncles 1 (2) mm. long; bracteoles linear-lanceolate; pedicels 1–2·5 (4) mm. long.
Leaves 7–70 × 1·5–10 (16) mm., elliptic to linear, attenuate at the apex, attenuate-cuneate or obtuse to subcordate at the base.
Calyx-tube 1–1·2 mm. long, turbinate-campanulate; lobes 4; appendages 0 or inconspicuous.
Capsule 1–2·5 mm. in diameter, globose, 1/2 to 3/4 included in the calyx.
Ovary 0·7–1·2 mm. in diameter, globose; style 0·1–0·3 mm. long.
Annual erect or ascending ± branched herb up to 80 cm. high.
Stems and branches reddish, 4-angular, winged to the apex.
Stamens 4, as long as the calyx-lobes or shorter.
Seeds c. 0·4 mm. in diameter, brownish.
Erect herb, to 2 ft. high
Flowers mauve
Petals 0.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.4
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Wet places and farmland in China. Open, damp, waste places in the Philippines. A very variable species, found in rice fields and other wet places in Pakistan at elevations up to 1,200 metres.
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Grows in alluvial and clay soils or damp sand associated with river flood plains, creeks, waterholes, lagoons and seasonally wet depressions.
It is a tropical plant. It grows in wet swampy places. It can be in rice fields. It is damaged by frost and drought.
At edges of pools.
Light -
Soil humidity 4-11
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaf extract is considered poisonous in the Flora of Pakistan. It can cause abdominal pain. The young leaves are cooked as a vegetable.
Uses medicinal poison
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (flower), Analgesics (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Antifungal agents (leaf), Antipyretics (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (leaf), Appetite stimulants (leaf), Blister (leaf), Fever (leaf), Herpesvirus 4, human (leaf), Counterirritant (leaf), Laxatives (leaf), Skin diseases (leaf), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Anti-bacterial agents (seed), Anti-bacterial agents (stem), Rubefacient (unspecified), Skin (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Vesicant (unspecified), Anorexia (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Antitubercular agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Appetite stimulants (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Disorder of ejaculation (unspecified), Exanthema (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Flatulence (unspecified), Herpesvirus 4, human (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Laxatives (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Typhoid fever (unspecified), Urinary bladder calculi (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Urolithiasis (unspecified), Urinary calculi (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seed.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Ammannia baccifera unspecified picture

Distribution

Ammannia baccifera world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Anguilla, Armenia, Australia, Azerbaijan, Burundi, Benin, Burkina Faso, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, Botswana, China, Côte d'Ivoire, Egypt, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Georgia, Ghana, Guadeloupe, Greece, Hungary, Indonesia, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Maldives, North Macedonia, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Malawi, Malaysia, Nigeria, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Romania, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Singapore, South Sudan, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, Tanzania, United Republic of, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Ammannia baccifera threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:552663-1
WFO ID wfo-0000530936
COL ID CSZF
BDTFX ID 126603
INPN ID 629063
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Ammannia baccifera Ammannia densiflora Ammannia indica Ammannia salicifolia Celosia bicolor Hapalocarpum vesicatorium Ammannia apiculata Ammannia attenuata Ammannia discolor Ammannia glauca Ammannia retusa Ammannia viridis Celosia nana Cryptotheca apetala Hapalocarpum indicum Ammannia vescicatoria Ammannia baccifera f. altissima Ammannia baccifera f. glauca Ammannia baccifera f. pseudoaegyptica Ammannia verticillata Ammannia vescicatoria Ammannia attenuata var. latifolia Ammannia attenuata var. micromerioides Ammannia auriculata var. subsessilis Ammannia baccifera subsp. contracta Ammannia baccifera subsp. viridis Ammannia attenuata f. vigens Ammannia baccifera subsp. baccifera