Anthemis cotula L.

Stinking chamomile (en), Anthémis puante (fr), Anthémide puante (fr), Anthémis fétide (fr), Anthémis puant (fr), Maroute (fr), Camomille fétide (fr), Camomille puante (fr), Anthémide fétide (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Asterales > Asteraceae > Anthemis

Characteristics

Strongly foetid annual herb. Stems erect or ascending, (5)-30-40-(60) cm tall, striate, almost glabrous to moderately hairy especially above, usually much-branched from base, rooting in lower part. Basal and lower cauline lvs apetiolate, ovate to obovate-oblong, glabrous to sparsely hairy and glandular, 3-pinnatisect, up to 8 cm long; ultimate segments subulate to linear, entire, not all in one plane giving a somewhat feathery appearance to the lf; cauline lvs similar to basal, smaller and less divided near capitula, usually ovate-oblong. Involucral bracts glabrous to moderately hairy, 2-6 mm long; margins and apex of at least inner bracts membranous. Capitula solitary, c. 15-30-(35) mm diam.; ray florets 8-21, very rarely 0; ligules white, becoming reflexed; disc florets numerous, yellow. Scales usually confined to inner ⅔ of receptacle, linear, acute. Achenes 1.3-1.7 mm long, obconic, narrowed slightly at apex, circular in section, brown, obscurely ribbed; ribs usually prominently tuberculate, rarely whole achene almost smooth; pappus 0.
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Annuals, (5–)15–35(–90) cm, usually ill-scented. Stems green (sometimes red-tinged), usually erect, branched mostly distally or ± throughout, glabrous, glabrate, puberulent, or sparsely strigillose to strigoso-sericeous (glabrescent, hairs mostly medifixed) and gland-dotted. Leaf blades 25–55 × 15–30 mm, 1–2-pinnately lobed. Peduncles mostly (2–)4–6(–15) cm. Involucres 5–9 mm diam., ± villosulous to arachnose. Receptacles paleate mostly distally; paleae subulate to acerose 2–3+ mm (often gland-dotted). Ray florets 10–15, styliferous and sterile; corollas white, laminae 5–15+ mm. Disc corollas 2–2.5 mm (sparsely gland-dotted). Cypselae 1.3–2 mm, ribs ± tuberculate (furrows often gland-dotted); pappi 0. 2n = 18.
Annual herb to c. 60 cm high, strongly odorous when crushed, usually sparsely to moderately hairy. Leaves to c. 5 cm long, 2-or 3-pinnatisect. Capitulum 15–25 mm diam.; peduncle with an untidy indumentum of mainly divergent to spreading hairs distally at anthesis; involucre 4–5 mm long, hairy; inner bracts with hyaline extension 0.5–1 mm long; paleae arising only from upper half of receptacle, linear to linear-lanceolate, 0.3–0.7 mm wide. Ray florets 10–15, sterile; ligule 5–9 mm long, white. Disc floret corolla 2–3 mm long, swollen at base. Achenes obovoid, 1.2–1.5 mm long, c. 0.8 mm wide, ±terete, usually tuberculate along ribs, sometimes nearly smooth. Pappus absent.
Herbs, annual, (15-)30-50 cm tall, fetid; stems erect, corymbosely branched, sparsely pubescent or subglabrescent. Leaves sessile; leaf blade ovate-oblong, 1.5-6 × 0.5-3 cm, 2-pinnatisect; ultimate segments narrowly linear. Capitula terminal, solitary, long pedunculate, 1-2 cm in diam. Involucre hemispheric; phyllaries in 3 rows, oblong, scarious margin narrow, apex obtuse. Ray florets white; lamina 5-14 × 3-6 cm, elliptic. Disk florets yellow, tubular, 5-lobed. Achenes oblong-turbinate, 1-1.5 mm, tuberculate, obscurely 8(-10)-ribbed. Corona absent. Fl. and fr. Jun-Jul. 2n = 18.
Taprooted, usually subglabrous, malodorous annual 1-9 dm; lvs 2-6 cm, 2-3 times pinnatifid, with narrow segments; heads short-pedunculate, the disk 5-10 mm wide, becoming ovoid or short-cylindric at maturity; invol sparsely villous; rays mostly 10-16, sterile and usually neutral, white, 5-11 mm; receptacle chaffy only toward the middle, its firm, narrow, subulate bracts tapering to the apex; achenes subterete or nearly quadrangular, obscurely ca 10-ribbed, strongly glandular-tuberculate; 2n=18. Fields and waste places; native of Europe, now a cosmopolitan weed. (Maruta c.)
Annual herb, up to 0.6 m high, foetid. Leaves alternate, sessile; blade ovate to elliptic in outline, 1-3x pinnate, ultimate segments narrowly linear. Heads terminal, solitary on long peduncles, radiate. Involucral bracts in several rows, imbricate. Receptacle conical; paleae linear, acute. Flowers: ray florets usually without styles, white; disc florets bisexual, yellow; Feb. Fruit with cypsela oblong, ribbed and tubercled, glabrous. Pappus absent.
Annual herb, up to 0.6 m high, foetid. Leaves alternate, 1-3x pinnate, ultimate segments narrowly linear. Capitula radiate, solitary on long peduncles. Receptacle conical, paleate, paleae linear, acute. Ray florets usually without styles, white. Disc florets yellow. Flowering time Dec.-May. Pappus absent or of minute scales. Cypselae oblong, ribbed and tubercled.
Annual herb, up to 0.6 m high, foetid. Leaves 1-3 times pinnate, ultimate segments narrowly linear. Heads solitary on long peduncles. Ray flowers usually without styles. Receptacular paleae linear, acute. Achenes ribbed and tubercled. Flowers with white rays, disc yellow.
A small annual herb. It grows 20-60 cm high. It has a bad smell. The stems are erect and may or may not be branched. The leaves are divided 1-3 times. The last segment is narrow and pointed. The flowers are in daisy like heads. They are white and at the end of the plant.
Life form annual
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread barochory
Mature width (meter) 0.25
Mature height (meter) 0.6
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant and grows in waste areas. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,500 m above sea level.
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Grows in disturbed environments such as agricultural land and wasteland.
Waste places usually on heavy soil.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 1-4
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-7

Usage

The leaves are used for flavouring. The dried leaves and flowers are also used for a herbal tea.
Uses bee plant dye medicinal non-vertebrate poison poison tea
Edible flowers leaves
Therapeutic use Antidiarrheal (bark), Antiemetic (bark), Blood Medicine (bark), Gastrointestinal Aid (bark), Venereal Aid (bark), Emetics (flower), Headache (flower), Menstruation-inducing agents (flower), Parasympatholytics (flower), General tonic for rejuvenation (flower), Febrifuge (leaf), Panacea (leaf), Antidiarrheal (root), Antiemetic (root), Blood Medicine (root), Febrifuge (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Sedative (root), Toothache (root), Venereal Aid (root), Analgesic (unspecified), Anticonvulsive (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Kidney Aid (unspecified), Respiratory Aid (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Other (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Antirheumatic (External) (unspecified), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Eye Medicine (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Amenorrhea (unspecified), Cancer (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sting(Bee) (unspecified), Unguent (unspecified), Vermifuge (unspecified), Vulnerary (unspecified), Spasm (unspecified), Insecticide (unspecified), Inflammation (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Wounds and injuries (unspecified)
Human toxicity allergenic (whole)
Animal toxicity weak toxic (whole)

Cultivation

It can be grown from seed or by division.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 14 - 22
Germination temperacture (C°) 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Anthemis cotula habit picture by Richard Wishaupt (cc-by-sa)
Anthemis cotula habit picture by Rico Mende (cc-by-sa)
Anthemis cotula habit picture by Danielle MASSON (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Anthemis cotula leaf picture by kathleen kathleen (cc-by-sa)
Anthemis cotula leaf picture by Marie Noëlle Huard (cc-by-sa)
Anthemis cotula leaf picture by G GM (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Anthemis cotula flower picture by kathleen kathleen (cc-by-sa)
Anthemis cotula flower picture by Marie Noëlle Huard (cc-by-sa)
Anthemis cotula flower picture by Alexander Baransky (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Anthemis cotula world distribution map, present in Anguilla, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, American Samoa, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Belarus, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Canada, Switzerland, China, Cuba, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Egypt, Spain, Estonia, Finland, Falkland Islands (Malvinas), France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Honduras, Croatia, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Iraq, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Lebanon, Libya, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Latvia, Morocco, Moldova (Republic of), Mexico, North Macedonia, Malta, Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, New Zealand, Pakistan, Poland, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Portugal, Paraguay, Romania, Russian Federation, Saudi Arabia, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Tunisia, Turkey, Ukraine, Uruguay, United States of America, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:177259-1
WFO ID wfo-0000032964
COL ID 67C59
BDTFX ID 5077
INPN ID 82833
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Maruta cotula Matricaria cotula Anthemis ramosa Anthemis psorosperma Anthemis cotula Maruta foetida Chamaemelum cotula Anthemis foetida Maruta vulgaris Anthemis cotula var. cotula Anthemis foetida var. foetida Maruta cotula var. cotula Anthemis cotula subsp. cotula Anthemis cotula subsp. psorosperma

Lower taxons

Anthemis cotula var. vectensis