Anthospermum galioides Rchb. ex Spreng.

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Anthospermum

Characteristics

Subshrub or dwarf shrub with often thick, woody root, ('bisexual'), ('bisexual')± ('female'), ('female'), less commonly('male') or ('bisexual') ± ('male'), several to many-stemmed, erect and ± cylindrical, rounded or prostrate and ± mat-or cushion-forming. Stems c. (50-)80-300(-500) mm long, unbranched to much branched, not rooting at nodes in prostrate forms. Leaves decussate, pseudoverticillate; blades ascending to spreading, often recurved at least near tip, (2.2-)2.7-10(-12) x (0.5-)0.8-2.5(-3) mm, linear to lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate [occasionally to 20 x 4 mm, (ovate-lanceolate on young flowering plants or new growth], ± membranous to ± tough and thickish, sometimes distinctly discolourous, upper surface often shiny and with large, conspicuous epidermis cells; margins flat to strongly revo-1ute with whitish spreading hairs c. 0.1-0.4 mm long, only minutely scabrid or entirely glabrous; petioles ±0-1 mm long; stipular sheath with a (± broadly) triangular to subulate seta c. (0.5-)0.7-1.5(-2) mm long. Flowers subsessile, in clusters of 2-6 (rarely more) at nodes; corolla 4-merous (very rarely also odd 5-merous ('male')and 3-merous ('female')), greenish yellow to yellowish, sometimes reddish purplish tinged outside, mostly shortly hairy or papillate at least near tip ('male'), ('bisexual'): tube 0.7-1.7(-2) mm long, ± cylindrical to (narrowly) funnel-shaped, lobes 1.4-2.4(-2.9) x 0.3-0.8(-1) mm; anthers (0.7-)1-1.8(-2.1) mm long;('bisexual'): stigmas often shorter than in('female'), ('female'): tube 0.2-0.5 mm long, lobes 0.2-0.8 x 0.1-0.3 mm; style ±0-0.6 mm long, stigmas 2, 2-8.1 mm long, whitish grey, greyish or(seldom)purplish; ovary c. 0.3-0.7 x 0.3-0.5 mm, often with 4 ± indistinct calyx lobes. Fruit reddish brown, shiny; mericarps (1.5-)1.7-2.4 x 0.9-1.3(-1.5) mm, elliptic to obovate, glabrous, ± sparsely covered with very short whitish hairs or distinctly papillate, occasionally with 51 mm distinct calyx lobes to 0.2 x 0.2 mm.
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Perennial, dwarf shrub, up to 0.3 m high; younger parts of stems with short, whitish hairs. Leaves decussate, lanceolate, ± distinctly discolorous, margins revolute, ciliate; petioles ± 1 mm long; stipules up to 2 mm long. Flowers axillary, clusters at nodes, yellowish. Bisexual and male flowers: tube 0.7-2.0 mm long; anthers ± 2.1 mm long; stigma shorter than female flower. Female flowers: tube ± 0.5 mm long, lobed; style up to 0.6 mm long; stigma ± 8.1 mm long, purplish. Ovary often with 4 ± distinct calyx lobes, ± 0.7 x 0.5 mm. Flowering time July-Jan. Fruit shiny, mericarps ± 2.4 x 1.5 mm, elliptic to obovate, glabrous, distinctly papillate or shortly hairy.
Rounded or sprawling subshrub to 50 cm. Leaves decussate, linear to lanceolate, often recurved above, margins ciliate. Flowers in axillary clusters, yellowish.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Mode -
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Anthospermum galioides world distribution map, present in South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:743376-1
WFO ID wfo-0000220042
COL ID 67FBY
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anthospermum galioides Anthospermum aethiopicum var. papillatum Anthospermum ciliare var. angustifolium Anthospermum ciliare var. glabrifolium Anthospermum ciliare var. latifolium Anthospermum ciliare var. papillatum Anthospermum ciliare var. scabrum

Lower taxons

Anthospermum galioides subsp. galioides Anthospermum galioides subsp. reflexifolium