Anthospermum welwitschii Hiern

Species

Angiosperms > Gentianales > Rubiaceae > Anthospermum

Characteristics

Annual or short-lived perennial herb, subshrub or shrub 0.35–1.8 m. tall, with woody stems and often numerous short lateral branchlets, reddish brown, glabrous to densely spreading pubescent above, glabrescent towards the base where the epidermis peels off in papery strips.. Leaves opposite, often appearing pseudoverticillate due to numerous abbreviated shoots; blades elliptic to oblong-oblanceolate or very narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, 0.75–4 cm. long, 0.8–5 mm. wide, acute or very shortly acuminate at the apex, narrowed to the base, glabrous or with some obscure scaly marginal hairs, often ± shining and reticulate above; petiole obsolete or only ± 1 mm. long; stipule-sheath 1.5 mm. long, hairy, with 1–5 setae, 0.7–4.5 mm. long.. In some specimens the internodes are very short giving the plant a very leafy appearance.. Flowers axillary, usually rather numerous at each node in the axils of the main leaves and also of the numerous short leaves of the abbreviated shoots, the total inflorescence attaining up to 20 cm., with numerous flowering nodes on the main stem and the short lateral branchlets, ± sessile or pedicels ± 1 mm. long.. Male: calyx-tube obconic, 0.5 mm. long; lobes unequal, oblong to triangular or lanceolate, 0.5–1.5 mm. long; corolla whitish or yellowish green, sometimes dotted with purple; tube 1 mm. long; lobes oblong-elliptic, 3–3.5 mm. long, 1–1.2 mm. wide; filaments 3 mm. long, anthers 2.2 mm. long; rudimentary stigma ± 1 mm. long.. Hermaphrodite flowers: calyx-lobes triangular, 1 mm. long, apiculate; corolla-tube 2.2 mm. long, lobes 1 mm. long, 0.8 mm. wide, a few hairs at the apex outside; anthers 1.2 mm. long, exserted 0.7 mm.; styles 1.9 mm. long, joined for 0.6 mm.. Female: calyx-tube oblong or ellipsoid, 0.5–2 mm. long; lobes triangular or ovate to elliptic-lanceolate, 0.3–1.8 mm. long, up to 0.8 mm. wide, acute; corolla-tube ellipsoid, 0.5–1 mm. long, lobes oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, 0.5 mm. long, 0.25 mm. wide; styles feathery, 0.55–1 cm. long, joined at the base for 1.5–3 mm.. Fruits glabrous, 2 mm. long, covered with the persistent calyx-teeth.
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Dioecious shrub, single-or (seldom) several-stemmed, ± erect, c. 1-3 m tall. Stems mostly much branched above, branches usually ± regular, paired, often ascending. Leaves decussate, mostly pseudoverticillate; blades (7-)10-35 x (1-)1.5-3.5 mm, (narrowly) oblanceolate, elliptic to ± linear-lanceolate, mostly glabrous; petioles ±0-1 mm long; stipular sheath with 3-5(-7.8) setae, the longest c. (0.5-)0.7-4.5(-5.6) mm. Flowers subsessile to shortly pedicellate (pedicels to 0.7 mm in 'male'), in clusters of many (very many: 'female') at nodes, inflorescences dimorphic, in 'female' often quite contracted, dense, ± cylindrical inflorescence zones; corolla 4-merous, greenish yellow to pale yellow, occasionally purplish tinged outside, mostly glabrous. 'Male': tube (0.5-)0.7-1.2 mm long, funnel-shaped, lobes (1.2-)1.5-2.2(-2.7) x (0.4-)0.6-0.9(-1.1) mm; anthers 1-2 mm long; small rudimentary ovary with 4 minute calyx lobes. 'Female': tube 0.2-0.5 mm long, lobes 0.2-0.7 x 0.1-0.2 mm; style ±0-1 mm long, stigmas 2, 3-7.5(-10) mm long; ovary c. 0.6-1 x 0.3-0.6 mm, with 4 sometimes unequal calyx lobes. Fruit mostly reddish brown, shiny; mericarps 1.5-2.7 x 0.7-1.2 mm, oblong, elliptic to ± obovate, glabrous or (seldom) ± sparsely shortly hairy, with 2 ± triangular calyx lobes c. (0.3-)0.5-1(-1.2) x 0.2-0.5 mm, one occasionally longer than the other.
A robust suffruticose herb; stem erect, reddish, glabrate, closely branched, 2 ft. high or more; branches spreading at an angle of about 45° with the stem, puberulous towards the extremities, densely leafy; leaves sub-linear or sub-spathulate, apiculate at the apex, narrowed gradually to the sub-sessile base, uni-nerved at the base, glabrous or very nearly so, minutely or obsoletely scaly especially beneath, rigid, opposite, with abbreviated leafy branchlets in the axils giving the leaves a fasciculate appearance, 1/3 to 1 1/4 in. long, margins revolute; stipules truncate, 3-to 5-cuspidate, joining the very short petioles or leaf-bases; flowers sub-sessile, tetramerous, whitish, small; calyx-limb green, quadripartite; the segments lanceolate or subulate, shorter than the corolla-tube in the male flowers, glabrous; corolla of the male flowers funnel-shaped; the lobes lanceolate, twice as long as the tube, valvate in the bud, spreading in full flower; stamens 4, glabrous; anthers ellipsoidal-oblong; cells 2, separated at the base for some distance up to the point of attachment of the filament at the back; filaments slender, filamentous, inserted about the middle of the corolla-tube; style elongated, slender, puberulous, bifid at the apex.
Shrub, 1-3 m high, dioecious. Leaves decussate; oblanceolate to elliptic, (7-)10-35 x (1,0-)1,5-3.5 mm, glabrous. Stipular sheaths with 3-5(-7 or 8) setae. Female plants with conspicuous, condensed cylindrical inflorescences. Mericarps oblong, elliptic to obovate, glabrous or sparsely hairy. Flowers greenish yellow to pale yellow, occasionally purplish tinged outside.
Flowers subsessile to shortly pedicellate (pedicels to 0.7 mm. in male), in clusters of many (very many: female) at nodes, inflorescences dimorphic, in female often quite contracted, dense, ± cylindrical inflorescence zones; corolla 4-merous, greenish-yellow to pale yellow, occasionally purplish ringed outside, mostly glabrous.
Leaves decussate, mostly pseudo-verticillate; blades 10–35 x (1)1.5–3.5 mm., (narrowly) oblanceolate, elliptic to ± linear-lanceolate, mostly glabrous; margins ± flat; petioles 0–1 mm. long; stipular sheath with 3–5(7,8) setae, the longest (0.5)0.7–4.5(5.6) mm.
Fruit mostly reddish-brown, shiny; mericarps 1.5–2.7 x 0.7–1.2 mm., oblong, elliptic to ± obovate, glabrous or (seldom) ± sparsely shortly hairy, with 2 ± triangular calyx lobes (0.3)0.5–1(1.2) x 0.2–0.5 mm., one occasionally longer than the other.
Female: tube 0.2–0.5 mm. long, lobes 0.2–0.7 x 0.1–0.2 mm.; style 0–1 mm. long, stigmas 3–7.5(10) mm. long; ovary 0.6–1 x 0.3–0.6 mm., with 4 sometimes unequal calyx lobes.
Male: tube (0.5)0.7–1.2 mm. long, funnel-shaped, lobes (1.2)1.5–2.2(2.7) x (0.4)0.6–0.9(1.1) mm.; anthers 1–2 mm. long; small rudimentary ovary with 4 minute calyx lobes.
Stems mostly much-branched above, branches usually ± regular, paired, often ascending, glabrous to very shortly hairy.
Dioecious shrub, single-or (seldom) several-stemmed, ± erect, 1–3 m. tall.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
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Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 3.0
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Environment

Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture 7-8
Soil acidity -
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Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Uses -
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

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Images

Anthospermum welwitschii unspecified picture

Distribution

Anthospermum welwitschii world distribution map, present in Angola, Kenya, Tanzania, United Republic of, South Africa, and Zambia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:743419-1
WFO ID wfo-0000220780
COL ID 5VFCV
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Anthospermum cliffortioides Anthospermum uwembae Anthospermum welwitschii