Apium graveolens L.

Wild celery (en), Cèleri (fr), Céleri (fr), Céleri odorant (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Apiales > Apiaceae > Apium

Characteristics

Taprooted perennial to 1 m, branched above; lvs once-pinnate; lfls 3–9, broadly triangular to suborbicular, usually deeply 3-lobed into cuneate-obovate, serrate or incised segments; umbels sessile or short-pedunculate, the several rays 1–2 cm; proper invol and involucel none, but some of the numerous umbels sometimes sessile and closely subtended by one or more reduced leaves; 2n=22. Native of Eurasia, occasionally escaped in our range, but scarcely persistent. May–July. (Celeri g.) Three other spp. are merely casual with us. A. leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell., of trop. and subtrop. Amer., is an annual with filiform lf-segments. A. repens (Jacq.) Lag. and A. nodiflorum (L.) Lag. are Mediterranean rhizomatous perennials. The former has a well developed involucre, the latter does not.
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Main root fusiform or tuberiform. Stems 25-90 cm, angular, striate and grooved. Petioles rather long; sheaths to 2 cm in the lower leaves, white-margined; lamina pinnate, leaflets 2-2½ by to 3 cm, trilobate to tripartite, petiolulate, in the upper leaves smaller, ternate to 3-partite. Compound umbels opposite the leaves; peduncles 0-2 cm; rays 10-15, 1-3 cm; pedicels 6-10, 2-3 mm; involucres and involucels absent. Calyx teeth absent. Petals ½ mm through, white or greenish, with inflexed tips. Mericarps 1 by up to ¾ mm, ribs narrowly winged; stylopodium nearly ¼ mm high, halves conical. Carpophore emarginate.
Erect terrestrial biennial, not rooting at nodes. Stems hollow, grooved, striate, up to 80-(100) cm high. Basal lvs 1-2-pinnate, petiolate; ultimate segments deltate or rhombic, lobed and crenate or dentate near apex, 2-4 cm long, ± sessile; stem lvs similar to basal but often apetiolate and becoming 1-pinnate or 3-foliolate with elliptic-obovate, entire or lobed segments. Umbels 2-5 cm diam., compound, ± sessile and lf-opposed, and so appearing bracteate; rays 4-15; bracts and bracteoles 0. Fls numerous, greenish white, c. 1 mm diam. Fr. broadly ovoid, dark brown, 1.5-2 mm long; ribs light brown, filiform.
Plants 15–150 cm, strongly fragrant. Basal leaves oblong to obovate, 7–18 × 3.5–8 cm, 3-lobed to 3-parted; ultimate segments subrhombic, 1.2–2.5 × 0.8–2.5 cm, crenate or serrate. Upper leaves short-petiolate; blade broad-triangular, usually 3-parted, ultimate segments obovate. Umbels 1.5–4 cm across, usually leaf-opposed; peduncles usually short, 4–15 mm, stout, rarely obsolete; rays 3–8(–16), 0.5–2.5 cm, slender; umbellules 7–25-flowered, 6–9 mm across; pedicels 1–1.5 mm. Fruit 1.3–1.5 × 1–2 mm. Fl. and fr. Apr–Jul.
Erect, robust, biennial or perennial herb, up to 1 m high; strongly aromatic. Stems hollow, coarsely grooved. Basal leaves 100-170 mm long, fleshy, simply pinnate; segments ± deltoid, lobed, margins crenate-serrate, 10-60 mm long; petioles sheathing. Umbel rays 6-16, 7-25 mm long. Involucre and involucel absent. Flowers white or greenish white. Calyx teeth absent. Flowering time Aug.-Mar. Fruit broadly ovoid, 1.5 mm long, with broad furrows between slender ribs.
Biennial or perennial herb. Flowering stems up to 1 m high; erect, glabrous, yellowish green. Leaves radical and cauline, compound; blade 1-or 2-pinnate; segments ± deltoid, margins lobed, crenate-serrate, upper ones becoming sessile. Flowers: umbels shortly stalked or sessile; involucral bracts 0; white or greenish white; Oct.-Dec., May. Fruit with broad furrows between slender ribs.
A herb that grows over 2 years. It has a strong smell. It grows 30-100 cm high and spreads 15-30 cm wide. The root is bulbous and fleshy. The stems have strong grooves. The leaves are finely divided. They are 50 cm long. The flowers are in small flat heads. They are green-white. The seeds are small and grey-brown. The seeds have ridges on them.
Biennial or perennial, robust, strongly smelling herb, 0.3-1.0 m high. Leaves simply pinnate; segments ± deltoid, lobed and crenate-serrate. Involucel wanting. Fruits with broad furrows between slender ribs. Flowers white or greenish white.
Lower leaves simply pinnate, 10–14 cm. long, with deltate-rhomboid segments up to 4·5 cm. long, often deeply 3-lobed; bases distinctly sheathing; the lower ones obviously petiolate, the uppermost more or less sessile.
Fruit c. 1·5 mm. long, very broadly ovoid; stylopodium depressed; styles c. 0·5 mm. long; carpophore shortly 2-cleft.
An erect biennial or perennial herb, with the characteristic smell of celery, up to 1 m. or sometimes a little more.
Bracts 0, rays 7–15, up to 2·5 cm. long, rather unequal; bracteoles 0, with flowers on pedicels of 1–5 mm. long.
Stem leaves ternate with rhomboid segments to narrowly lanceolate-elliptic and subentire above.
Stem with prominent rather coarse grooves, rising from a large fleshy taproot.
Umbels terminal and lateral, shortly pedunculate or ± sessile in leaf axils.
Distinguished by the biennial, stout, erect habit and large leaves.
Vittae solitary in the intervals and 2 on the commissural face.
Calyx teeth obsolete; petals greenish-white.
Life form biennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread hydrochory
Mature width (meter) 0.25 - 0.3
Mature height (meter) 0.6 - 0.8
Root system fibrous-root tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 1.0
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

A Mediterranean plant. It is hardy to frost. It can grow in salty soil. It is often in poorly drained waterlogged soil. It grows below 2,750 m above sea level. It can grow in arid places. In Yunnan.
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Ditches, by rivers and in other damp locations, especially near the sea in salt marshes.
Not known in the wild.
Light 5-8
Soil humidity 4-8
Soil texture 2-6
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-9

Usage

Caution: It is bitter and toxic in large amounts. The seeds are used in small amounts to flavour soups and stews. The leaves are used as a vegetable. They are used in soups and stews.
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Uses. Leaves, petioles and tuberiform roots for flavouring dishes; seeds as spice and medicinal.
Uses animal food environmental use essential oil food food additive gene source material medicinal poison seasoning social use spice
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots seeds stems
Therapeutic use Anti-infective agents, local (fruit), Antirheumatic agents (fruit), Anuria (fruit), Appetite stimulants (fruit), Back pain (fruit), Edema (fruit), Flatulence (fruit), Gout (fruit), Kidney calculi (fruit), Menstruation-inducing agents (fruit), Nervous system diseases (fruit), Parasympatholytics (fruit), Pleurisy (fruit), General tonic for rejuvenation (fruit), Sciatica (fruit), Urinary bladder calculi (fruit), Diaphoretic (fruit), Deobstruent (fruit), Abdominal pain (root), Amenorrhea (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Anti-infective agents, local (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Anuria (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Ascites (root), Back pain (root), Calculi (root), Chest pain (root), Colic (root), Diuretics (root), Edema (root), Fever (root), Flatulence (root), Gout (root), Hiccup (root), Kidney calculi (root), Liver diseases (root), Low back pain (root), Menstruation-inducing agents (root), Neurasthenia (root), Pain (root), Pleurisy (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Sciatica (root), Sinusitis (root), Urinary bladder calculi (root), Urinary retention (root), Urinary tract infections (root), Diaphoretic (root), Deobstruent (root), Anticonvulsants (seed), Antifungal agents (seed), Anti-infective agents, local (seed), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Asthma (seed), Bronchitis (seed), Cardiotonic agents (seed), Central nervous system depressants (seed), Contraceptive agents (seed), Diuretics (seed), Flatulence (seed), Gout (seed), Insecticides (seed), Liver diseases (seed), Menstruation-inducing agents (seed), Nervous system diseases (seed), Neurotic disorders (seed), Parasympatholytics (seed), Psoriasis (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Splenic diseases (seed), Tranquilizing agents (seed), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Alterative (unspecified), Anasarca (unspecified), Anodyne (unspecified), Antigalactogogue (unspecified), Antiseptic (unspecified), Apertif (unspecified), Arthritis (unspecified), Bruise (unspecified), Calmative (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Deobstruent (unspecified), Depurative (unspecified), Digestive (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Hoarseness (unspecified), Nervine (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Refrigerant (unspecified), Resolvent (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Stomachic (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor (unspecified), Tumor(Breast) (unspecified), Wen (unspecified), Dropsy (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Baldness (unspecified), Flux (unspecified), Gout (unspecified), Melancholy (unspecified), Metrorrhagia (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Antioxidants (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Bronchitis (unspecified), Contraceptive agents (unspecified), Hypnotics and sedatives (unspecified), Insect repellents (unspecified), Liver diseases (unspecified), Splenic diseases (unspecified), Antioxidants (whole plant), Diuretics (whole plant), Flatulence (whole plant), Menstruation-inducing agents (whole plant), Psoriasis (whole plant), General tonic for rejuvenation (whole plant), Vitiligo (whole plant)
Human toxicity allergenic, phototoxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 25
Germination temperacture (C°) 21 - 23
Germination luminosity light
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 17 - 23
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Apium graveolens habit picture by Dieter Albrecht (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens habit picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens habit picture by Monteiro Henrique (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Apium graveolens leaf picture by Yann Blanchant (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens leaf picture by Fabrice (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens leaf picture by Laurence Chabalier (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Apium graveolens flower picture by Nina Maria Florin (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens flower picture by Martin Bishop (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens flower picture by Francois Mansour (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Apium graveolens fruit picture by Yves Le Jehan (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens fruit picture by Hélène (cc-by-sa)
Apium graveolens fruit picture by Hélène (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Apium graveolens world distribution map, present in Afghanistan, Angola, Albania, Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, Bulgaria, Bahrain, Belize, Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Brazil, Bhutan, Botswana, Canada, Switzerland, Chile, China, Cameroon, Colombia, Cabo Verde, Costa Rica, Cuba, Cyprus, Germany, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Algeria, Ecuador, Egypt, Spain, Finland, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Georgia, Greece, Guatemala, Guam, Honduras, Croatia, Haiti, Hungary, India, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lebanon, Libya, Lesotho, Morocco, Mexico, Marshall Islands, North Macedonia, Malta, Myanmar, Montenegro, Mongolia, Northern Mariana Islands, Malaysia, Namibia, Netherlands, Norway, Nepal, New Zealand, Oman, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Réunion, Romania, Saudi Arabia, El Salvador, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Taiwan, Province of China, Ukraine, United States of America, Uzbekistan, Viet Nam, Yemen, and South Africa

Conservation status

Apium graveolens threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:838067-1
WFO ID wfo-0000540626
COL ID FNGV
BDTFX ID 5641
INPN ID 83195
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Selinum graveolens Carum graveolens Sium graveolens Sison ruta Smyrnium laterale Helosciadium ruta Helosciadium rutaceum Apium lobatum Apium lusitanicum Apium maritimum Apium celleri Apium decumbens Apium dulce Apium integrilobum Apium palustre Apium rapaceum Helosciadium graveolens Sium apium Seseli graveolens Apium vulgare Celeria graveolens Apium australe var. latisectum Apium graveolens var. bashmensis Apium graveolens var. butronensis Apium graveolens subsp. butronensis Apium graveolens var. dulce Apium graveolens var. lusitanicum Apium graveolens var. maritimum Apium graveolens subsp. rapaceum Apium graveolens f. lusitanicum Apium graveolens