Aquilegia vulgaris L.

Common columbine (en), Ancolie commune (fr), Clochette (fr), Ancolie vulgaire (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ranunculales > Ranunculaceae > Aquilegia

Characteristics

Plants 40–100 cm high, glabrous or softly hairy. Basal leaves biternate to triternate, long-petiolate; leaflets cuneate to broadly ovate, 2.5–5 cm long, lobed or crenate, glabrous above, pilose and glaucous below; cauline leaves smaller, less divided, with shorter petioles. Flowers 3–5 cm diam., nodding, usually blue to violet, sometimes white or reddish. Sepals ovate, 15–30 mm long, acute. Petals 20–38 mm long including the 15–22 mm spur; spur sharply curved with apical knob. Stamens c. 50, sub-equal to or exceeding limb of petals; staminodes c. 10, white, membranous, slightly shorter than stamens. Follicles 15–30 mm long, beaked, glandular-pubescent, dehiscing while green. Seeds 2–2.5 mm long, black, shiny.
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Stems 1-several, leafy, 30-80 cm tall, pilose at least above. Lvs dull dark green and glabrous above, pale, glaucous, and sparsely pilose beneath. Basal lvs petiolate, 2-ternate; segments shortly stalked, lobed, crenate. Stem lvs shortly petiolate, becoming 3-foliolate; segments becoming sessile. Fls in lax leafy cymes, nodding, 2.5-3.5-(5) cm diam. Sepals ovate, acute, violet, blue, red or pink, (1.5)-2-3 cm long. Petals same colour as sepals but paler; limb < sepals, truncate; spur > limb, hooked at tip. Staminodes truncate at tip. Carpels hairy. Follicles 5-(7), strongly veined, erect, 15-30 mm long; styles deciduous, 6-8 mm long.
Stems 30-72 cm. Basal leaves 2×-ternately compound, 10-30 cm, much shorter than stems; leaflets green adaxially, to 15-47 mm, not viscid; primary petiolules 22-60 mm (leaflets not crowded), pilose or rarely glabrous. Flowers nodding; sepals divergent from or perpendicular to floral axis, mostly blue or purple, lance-ovate, (10-)15-25 × 8-12 mm, apex broadly acute or obtuse; petals: spurs mostly blue or purple, hooked, 14-22 mm, stout, evenly tapered from base, blades mostly blue or purple, oblong, 10-13 × 6-10 mm; stamens 9-13 mm. Follicles 15-25 mm; beak 7-15 mm. 2 n = 14 (Europe).
Foliage as in no. 1 [Aquilegia canadensis L.]; fls nodding, blue, varying to purple, white, or pink, (2.5–)3–4(–5) cm long and wide, stamens not longer than the sep; spurs short and thick, strongly incurved; follicle-beak 5–10 mm; 2n=14. Native of Eurasia, escaped from cult. and locally established esp. in the cooler parts of our range. May–July.
A herb. It is tall and branched and grows for a few years. It grows 70 cm tall and 30 cm wide. The flowers are blue.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread epizoochory
Mature width (meter) 0.1 - 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) 0.2
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate or Mediterranean plant. In Argentina it grows from sea level to 1,000 m above sea level. It suits damp meadows.
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In Australia it occurs as a garden escape in cool, moist, shaded sites.
Moist shady positions, especially on calcareous soils or fenland peat.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity 3-8
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-8

Usage

The flowers are sucked for their nectar. The flowers are also used in salads. The young leaves are used for flavour in salads and also lightly steamed.
Uses environmental use gene source medicinal ornamental poison
Edible flowers leaves nectars
Therapeutic use Hypotension (aerial part), Astringent (unspecified), Cancer(Breast) (unspecified), Cancer(Stomach) (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysmenorrhea (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Narcotic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Scurvy (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Fatality (unspecified), Hysteria (unspecified), Resolvent (unspecified), Somnolency (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (seed), toxic (whole)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. They need a cold treatment over winter.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 12 - 14
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Aquilegia vulgaris habit picture by Nathalie B (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris habit picture by mwat58 (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris habit picture by Kampf Robert (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Aquilegia vulgaris leaf picture by audrey duredon (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris leaf picture by Tristana Michel (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris leaf picture by Kortteinen Janne (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Aquilegia vulgaris flower picture by Roosa Hautala (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris flower picture by cocomilady (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris flower picture by Emanuela Nervo (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Aquilegia vulgaris fruit picture by Herve Meynier (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris fruit picture by an na (cc-by-sa)
Aquilegia vulgaris fruit picture by Jan Löser (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Aquilegia vulgaris world distribution map, present in Australia, Canada, China, Spain, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Italy, New Zealand, Portugal, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:306409-2
WFO ID wfo-0000541607
COL ID FZVW
BDTFX ID 74965
INPN ID 83267
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aquilegia vulgaris f. collina Aquilegia vulgaris f. ruscinonensis Aquilegia arbascensis Aquilegia silvestris Aquilegia speciosa Aquilegia subalpina Aquilegia sylvestris Aquilegia vulgaris Aquilegia corniculata Aquilegia nivea Aquilegia versicolor Aquilina vulgaris Aquilegia cornuta Aquilegia eynensis Aquilegia glaucophylla Aquilegia inversa Aquilegia platysepala Aquilegia recticornu Aquilegia stellata Aquilegia winterbottomiana Aquilegia alba Aquilegia collina Aquilegia cyclophylla Aquilegia longisepala Aquilegia mollis Aquilegia nemoralis Aquilegia praecox Aquilegia ruscinonensis Aquilegia ebneri Aquilegia ecalcarata Aquilegia huteri Aquilegia ochroleuca Aquilegia plena Aquilegia vulgaris f. aggericola Aquilegia vulgaris f. arbascensis Aquilegia vulgaris f. cornuta Aquilegia vulgaris f. cyclophylla Aquilegia vulgaris var. huteri Aquilegia vulgaris var. incisa Aquilegia vulgaris var. varia Aquilegia bertolonii var. parviflora Aquilegia vulgaris var. elegans Aquilegia nigricans var. ebneri Aquilegia vulgaris var. corniculata Aquilegia vulgaris var. aggericola Aquilegia vulgaris var. albiflora Aquilegia vulgaris var. arbascensis Aquilegia vulgaris var. collina Aquilegia vulgaris var. cyclophylla Aquilegia vulgaris var. dumeticola Aquilegia vulgaris var. ebneri Aquilegia vulgaris var. eynensis Aquilegia vulgaris var. glabra Aquilegia vulgaris var. glandulosopilosa Aquilegia vulgaris var. hispanica Aquilegia vulgaris var. longisepala Aquilegia vulgaris var. mollis Aquilegia vulgaris var. nemoralis Aquilegia vulgaris var. nivea Aquilegia vulgaris var. notabilis Aquilegia vulgaris var. ochroleuca Aquilegia vulgaris var. parviflora Aquilegia vulgaris var. platysepala Aquilegia vulgaris var. praecox Aquilegia vulgaris var. pratensis Aquilegia vulgaris var. pseudoatrata Aquilegia vulgaris var. rifiensis Aquilegia vulgaris var. ruscinonensis Aquilegia vulgaris var. stellata Aquilegia vulgaris var. subalpina Aquilegia vulgaris var. subtomentosa Aquilegia vulgaris var. sylvestris Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. hispanica Aquilegia vulgaris var. glabella Aquilegia glaucescens Aquilegia vulgaris f. dumeticola Aquilegia vulgaris f. nemoralis Aquilegia vulgaris f. praecox Aquilegia vulgaris f. subalpina Aquilegia vulgaris var. longisepala Aquilegia vulgaris subsp. subalpina Aquilegia vulgaris f. mollis Aquilegia dumeticola