Ardisia elliptica Thunb.

Shoebutton (en), Ardisie elliptique (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Ericales > Primulaceae > Ardisia

Characteristics

Shrubs 1-2 m tall, glabrous. Branchlets angular, 3-4.5 mm in diam., glabrous, conspicuously black punctate-lineate, longitudinally ridged. Petiole marginate, 5-10 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate or obovate, 6-12(-16) × 3-5(-7) cm, subleathery, dull and densely punctate abaxially, especially along margin, base cuneate, margin revolute, entire, apex obtuse or acute; lateral veins 12-34 on each side of midrib, marginal vein present. Inflorescences axillary or subterminal on basally thickened lateral branches, subumbellate or umbellate. Flowers leathery, pink or white, 6(-8) mm. Pedicel ca. 1-2 cm, minutely and densely white verruculose, densely punctate. Sepals broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, densely black punctate, base rugose and subauriculate, margin subentire, scarious, minutely ciliate, apex rounded. Petals almost free, broadly ovate, densely punctate, glabrous, margin hyaline, scarious, entire, apex long attenuate. Stamens subequalling petals; anthers linear-lanceolate, punctate dorsally, longitudinally dehiscent, transversely septate-lobed, apex apiculate. Pistil as long as petals; ovary glabrous, pellucid punctate; ovules numerous, multiseriate. Fruit subglobose, red or purplish black, ca. 8 mm in diam., minutely punctate, fleshy. Fl. Feb-Apr, fr. Sep-Nov. 2n = 48*
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Shrub or small tree to 4 m high; branchlets somewhat angular. Leaves spirally arranged; petiole (2–) 5–12 (–15) cm long; lamina usually oblanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, (5–) 8–13.2 cm long, (1.4–) 3–4.6 cm wide, chartaceous, margin smooth, glands globular to lineate pellucid, drying to red. Inflorescence terminal or subterminal, umbellate to subumbellate, 4–5 cm long, 6–11 flowers per inflorescence; peduncle 2–3.5 cm long; pedicels 8–17 mm long, often curved. Flowers 5-merous, to 10 mm long; calyx tube 0.5–1 mm long, lobes rounded, 1.5–3 mm long, 1.5–2 mm wide, ciliolate; corolla rotate, pale pink, tube c. 1 mm long, lobes 7–9 mm long, 3–4 mm wide; stamens may alternate with 1–5 pink petaloid staminodes; filaments c. 2 mm long, fused at base, anthers cohere around exserted style, 4–5 mm long, septate, opening by introrse longitudinal slits; ovary globular, c. 1 mm diam.; ovules multiseriate, 17–20. Fruit depressed-globular, 5–7 mm high, 6–8 mm wide, whitish to pinks, reds and purples, maturing purplish black to black. Seed c. 5 mm diam.
Shrubs, not stoloniferous , 1-2 m; branchlets conspicuously black punctate-lineate, glabrous. Leaves: petiole 5-10 mm, glabrous; blade oblanceolate or obovate, 6-12(-16) × 3-5(-7) cm, margins entire, revolute, (without vascularized nodules), apex obtuse or acute, surfaces glabrous. Inflorescences lateral or subterminal, on basally thickened lateral branches, subumbels or umbels, 5+-flowered. Pedicels erect, ca. 1-2 cm, glabrous. Flowers: sepals 5, broadly ovate, ca. 1 mm, margins subentire, (minutely ciliate), apex rounded, densely black-punctate, glabrous; petals 5, pink or white, broadly ovate, 6-8 mm, margins entire, (hyaline, scarious), apex long-acuminate, densely punctate, glabrous; stamens subequaling petals; anthers linear-lanceolate, transversely septate-lobed, apex apiculate, punctate abaxially; ovary pellucid-punctate, glabrous; ovules 5+, multiseriate. Drupes red or purplish black, subglobose, ca. 8 mm diam., minutely punctate. 2n = 48.
A shrub. It grows 5 m tall. The leaves are alternate and leathery. They are narrowly oval. The flower groups are in the axils of leaves. The flowers are light pink. The fruit turn red as they ripen, then deep purple to black. The fruit are 8 mm across. The seeds are round and 5 mm across.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 2.5 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

It is a tropical plant. It often grows on islands along the coast. A bush that grows in tidal swamps. It grows on the edges of mangroves. In XTBG Yunnan.
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Sandy soils near the coast in places such as along beaches, edges of mangrove swamps, tidal riversides and peat-swamps; at elevations up to 30 metres.
Prefers moist areas particularly on rainforest margins and associated areas.
Light 1-3
Soil humidity 5-7
Soil texture 3-5
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-12

Usage

Cultivated as an ornamental for its attractive fruit. For medicinal uses of Ardisia elliptica see Fern (2014 onwards), Lim (2012), Al-Abd et al. (2017) and references therein.
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The fruit are sweet and edible. The young shoots are eaten.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal ornamental wood
Edible flowers fruits seeds shoots
Therapeutic use Angina (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seeds.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 90 - 180
Germination temperacture (C°) 23
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Ardisia elliptica leaf picture by JP Alberto (cc-by-sa)
Ardisia elliptica leaf picture by lisa lisa harling (cc-by-sa)
Ardisia elliptica leaf picture by Elizer Pedro (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Ardisia elliptica flower picture by jaydeep lakkad (cc-by-sa)
Ardisia elliptica flower picture by Elizer Pedro (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Ardisia elliptica fruit picture by Michele Nedrick (cc-by-sa)
Ardisia elliptica fruit picture by Jesus Rodríguez (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Ardisia elliptica world distribution map, present in Australia, Bangladesh, Barbados, Brunei Darussalam, Bhutan, China, Cook Islands, Dominica, Micronesia (Federated States of), Guadeloupe, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Jamaica, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Saint Lucia, Sri Lanka, Maldives, Myanmar, Martinique, Mauritius, Nicaragua, Nepal, Panama, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Puerto Rico, Réunion, Singapore, Thailand, Trinidad and Tobago, Taiwan, Province of China, United States of America, Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of), and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Ardisia elliptica threat status: Vulnerable

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:586971-1
WFO ID wfo-0000544255
COL ID GD2P
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 447372
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Ardisia kotoensis Ardisia squamulosa Bladhia kotoensis Climacandra littoralis Icacorea humilis Ardisia littoralis Bladhia squamulosa Icacorea zeylanica Tinus squamulosa Icacorea solanacea Ardisia umbellata Ardisia sorsogonensis Bladhia elliptica Ardisia elliptica