Aristolochia serpentaria L.

Virginia snakeroot (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Piperales > Aristolochiaceae > Aristolochia

Characteristics

Herbs , erect to decumbent, to 0.6 m. Young stem ridged, glabrous to hispid. Leaves: petiole 0.5-3.5 cm. Leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, 5-15 × 1-5 cm, base truncate to cordate, sinus depth 0-1.5 cm, apex acute to acuminate; surfaces abaxially glabrous or hispid; venation pinnate. Inflorescences from base of stem, an additional flower in axil of stem leaf, racemes; peduncle bracteolate, to 1.5 cm; bracteoles lanceolate, to 3 mm. Flowers: calyx brown-purple, bent; utricle pendent, pear-shaped to ovoid, 0.5-5 cm; syrinx present, ringlike, 1 mm, oblique; tube bent, cylindric, 1 cm; annulus smooth; limb purplish brown, 3-lobed, lobes 0.5 × 0.5 cm, glabrous; gynostemium 3-lobed, globose to crown-shaped, 1.5 mm; anthers 6; ovary 3-locular, to 1.5 cm. Capsule globose, 0.8-2 × 1-2 cm, dehiscence basipetal; valves 6; septa absent. Seeds rounded, ovate, 0.5 × 0.4 cm. 2 n = 28.
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Stems erect from a rhizome, to 6 dm, thinly hairy; lvs ovate to oblong or nearly linear, acuminate, truncate to sagittate or cordate at base, 6–12 cm; lower lvs reduced to scales; fls solitary on slender, scaly peduncles from the lowest nodes; perianth S-shaped, enlarged at base and summit, 1–2 cm, the spreading limb madder-purple, unequally or indistinctly 3-lobed; 2n=28. Moist or dry upland woods; Conn. and s. N.Y. to s. Mich., Ill. and Mo., s. to Fla. and Tex. May, June.
A small herb. It keeps growing from year to year. It grows 10-45 cm high and wide. The stems are upright and thin and zigzag. The leaves are heart-shaped and 4-15 cm long. The flowers occur singly and are brown-purple and S shaped. They are 1 cm long. The fruit is a hard capsule.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5
Mature height (meter) 0.5
Root system rhizome tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Rich dry woods, usually on calcareous soils.
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A temperate plant. It can tolerate frost.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-9
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 6-9

Usage

The roots are dried and used to produce and essential oil used to flavour alcoholic drinks. Caution: Alcohol is a cause of cancer.
Uses essential oil material medicinal
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Febrifuge (leaf), Abortifacient agents (rhizome), Analgesics (rhizome), Anthelmintics (rhizome), Antirheumatic agents (rhizome), Common cold (rhizome), Diuretics (rhizome), Fever (rhizome), Gastrointestinal diseases (rhizome), Nasal disease (rhizome), Pain (rhizome), Pharyngitis (rhizome), General tonic for rejuvenation (rhizome), Snake bites (rhizome), Toothache (rhizome), Analgesic (root), Cold Remedy (root), Snake Bite Remedy (root), Toothache (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Tonic (root), Anticonvulsive (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Abortifacient (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antirheumatic (Internal) (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Disinfectant (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Misc. Disease Remedy (unspecified), Nose Medicine (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Snake Bite Remedy (unspecified), Anthelmintic (unspecified), Alterative (unspecified), Bite(Snake) (unspecified), Cardiotonic (unspecified), Diaphoretic (unspecified), Emmenagogue (unspecified), Gastrotonic (unspecified), Leukemia (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified), Poultice (unspecified), Smallpox (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Wound (unspecified), Malaria (unspecified), Sedative (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Pneumonia (unspecified), Preventitive(Poison) (unspecified), Stomach (unspecified), Typhus (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seed. They can also be grown by division or cuttings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 23 - 29
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Aristolochia serpentaria unspecified picture

Distribution

Aristolochia serpentaria world distribution map, present in United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:93333-1
WFO ID wfo-0000548329
COL ID 7R58N
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Aristolochia convolvulacea Aristolochia sagittata Aristolochia serpentaria Aristolochia hastata Aristolochia nashii Aristolochia polyrrhizos Endodeca bartonii Endodeca dodecandra Endodeca hastata Endodeca polyrrhizos Endodeca serpentaria Aristolochia officinalis Pistolochia serpentaria Endodeca dodecandra Psophiza undulata Aristolochia dodecandra Aristolochia officinalis Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata Aristolochia serpentaria var. nashii Endodeca serpentaria var. hastata Aristolochia serpentaria var. laxa Aristolochia serpentaria var. bartonii Aristolochia serpentaria var. hastata Aristolochia serpentaria var. serpentaria