Arnebia euchroma I.M.Johnst.

Zi cao (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Boraginales > Boraginaceae > Arnebia

Characteristics

Herbs perennial. Roots stout, to 2 cm in diam., containing copious purple dye. Stems usually 1 or 2, erect, branched above, sheathed with remaining bases of leaves, 15-40 cm tall, spreading white or pale yellow hirsute. Leaves sessile, sparsely semiappressed hirsute. Basal leaves linear to linear-lanceolate, 7-20 × 0.5-1.5 cm, base sheathlike, apex short acuminate; stem leaves lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, smaller without sheathlike base. Cymes terminal, 2-6 cm at anthesis, many flowered; bracts lanceolate. Flowers heterostylous. Calyx lobes linear, 1.2-1.6 cm, to 3 cm in fruit, densely pale yellow hirsute on both sides, apex subacute. Corolla dark purple, sometimes pale yellow and purple-red tinged, tubular-campanulate, glabrous or sparsely short pubescent outside; tube straight, 1-1.4 cm; limb 6-10 mm wide; lobes spreading, ovate. Anthers ca. 2.5 mm. Style apex 2-lobed; stigmas 2, obovate. Nutlets black-brown, broadly ovate, ca. 3.5 × 3 mm, scabrous reticulate lined, with few tubercles, adaxially almost flat, center line prominent, abaxially convex, apex subacute; attachment scar somewhat triangular. Fl. and fr. Jun-Aug.
More
A herb. It keeps growing from year to year. The roots are stout and 2 cm across. They contain purple die. There are 1 or 2 stems. They are 15-40 cm tall. The leaves are narrow and 7-20 cm long by 1-2 cm wide. The bases have sheaths. There are many flowers in a group at the top of the plant.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention -
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.3 - 0.35
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Open slopes and rocks, only in the drier areas of the Himalayas; at elevations from 3,300-4,500 metres.
More
It is a temperate plant. It grows on rocky slopes and gravelly marshes in Tibet.
Light 7-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 5-6
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The roots are used as a spice to cook meat. They are also used in preparing pickles and as a food colouring.
Uses dye material medicinal spice
Edible roots
Therapeutic use Pain (flower), Hair loss (root), Anti-bacterial agents (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antiviral agents (root), Exanthema (root), Ache(Ear) (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Abortifacient agents (unspecified), Anti-infective agents (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Antipyretics (unspecified), Burns (unspecified), Earache (unspecified), Granuloma (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by cuttings or seedlings.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Arnebia euchroma world distribution map, present in China and Pakistan

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:113456-1
WFO ID wfo-0000549472
COL ID GSYN
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Lithospermum cyanochroum Munbya cyanochroa Macrotomia grandis Stenosolenium perenne Lithospermum euchromon Arnebia perennis Macrotomia cyanochroa Arnebia endochroma Arnebia euchroma Arnebia tingens Macrotomia onosmoides Macrotomia perennis Macrotomia oginoi Arnebia euchroma var. grandis Macrotomia endochroma Macrotomia euchromon Munbya perennis

Lower taxons

Arnebia euchroma subsp. afghanica Arnebia euchroma subsp. andarabica