Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott

Black chokeberry (en), Aronia noir (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Rosales > Rosaceae > Aronia

Characteristics

Much like no. 1 [Aronia arbutifolia (L.) Elliott], but the twigs, pedicels, and lower surfaces of the lvs generally glabrous or nearly so, varying to seldom somewhat more evidently hairy; lvs not turning bright red; fr black, ripening earlier and soon withering, but sometimes persistent; 2n=34. Similar habitats; Nf. and s. Lab. to n. Ga. and Ala., w. to e. Minn., ne. Io., and se. Mo., widely overlapping the range of no. 1, especially northward, but wanting from the coastal plain and adjacent piedmont. May–July, fr Aug.–Oct. (Pyrus m.)
More
A shrub. It is similar to red chokeberry. It is a lower more spreading shrub. It grows 1-2 m high. The stems are more crowded. It has suckers and forms thickets. The leaves are less glossy. The leaves are bright green and smooth. They have small black glands along the upper midribs. The leaves turn orange in autumn. The flowers are small and white. They are produced in clusters or about 10. The fruit are berries which are black when ripe. They are 8-12 mm across. The flesh is red. They drop soon after they ripen.
Stems glabrous or glabrescent. Leaves pale green abaxially, dark green and shiny adaxially, becoming scarlet; blade 2.5–7 × 2.5–3.5 cm, apex subacute to acuminate or apiculate, surfaces glabrous or glabrescent, adaxial midrib stipitate-glandular. Flowers sweet-scented; hypanthium glabrous; sepal margins glabrous; anthers yellow to purplish red. Pomes black, glabrous, taste acid and bitter. 2n = 34, 68.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.5 - 4.0
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.5
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. It can grow in most soils and most locations. It is very cold tolerant. It can tolerate dry soils. It probably needs a cold winter chill requirement. It suits hardiness zones 4-9.
More
Swamps, bogs, wet thickets, margins of ponds and lakes, beaver ponds, woods, moist high-elevation forests, rock outcrops; at elevations to 2,000 metres.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 1-6
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 2-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 5-8

Usage

The fruit can be eaten raw but are astringent. They can be stewed with sugar or honey. They can be used for a sauce or jelly. Some sweeter kinds are used for juice.
Uses drinks environmental use food food dye medicinal pharmaceutical industry
Edible fruits
Therapeutic use Cold Remedy (unspecified), Cyanogenetic (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or cuttings. Stored seed need 2-3 months of cold stratification, then soaking for 18 hours before sowing. Old stems can be cut back near the ground to encourage new growth. Suckers can be divided off and allowed to root before replanting.
Mode cuttings seedlings suckers
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -29
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Aronia melanocarpa leaf picture by anu advani (cc-by-sa)
Aronia melanocarpa leaf picture by dale west (cc-by-sa)
Aronia melanocarpa leaf picture by krieger David (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Aronia melanocarpa flower picture by kevin (cc-by-sa)
Aronia melanocarpa flower picture by Marilyse Goulet (cc-by-sa)
Aronia melanocarpa flower picture by Marilyse Goulet (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Aronia melanocarpa fruit picture by Marilyse Goulet (cc-by-sa)
Aronia melanocarpa fruit picture by Marilyse Goulet (cc-by-sa)
Aronia melanocarpa fruit picture by Heath post (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Aronia melanocarpa world distribution map, present in Canada, Slovakia, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:280807-2
WFO ID wfo-0001018304
COL ID GTSZ
BDTFX ID 82050
INPN ID 610808
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aronia nigra Pyrus melanocarpa Photinia melanocarpa Aronia nigra Sorbus melanocarpa Pyrus melanocarpa Mespilus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Mespilus arbutifolia var. nigra Aronia arbutifolia var. nigra Pyrus arbutifolia var. nigra Pyrus arbutifolia var. melanocarpa Aronia melanocarpa