Asarum canadense L.

Canadian wildginger (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Piperales > Aristolochiaceae > Asarum

Characteristics

Rhizomes horizontal, shallow, internodes 1.0-3.5 cm. Leaves: petiole 6-20 cm, crisped-hirsute. Leaf blade not variegate, cordate-reniform to reniform, 4-8(-20) × 8-14(-21.5) cm, apex rounded or obtuse; surfaces abaxially appressed-hirsute, usually sparsely so, adaxially appressed-hirsute, at least along main veins, marginal hairs perpendicular to margin or curved toward apex. Flowers erect or ascending; peduncle 1.5-3 cm; false calyx tube cylindric, externally tan or purplish, hirsute (often densely), internally white or pale green, occasionally mottled with purple, with white or purple hairs; distal portion of sepal spreading or reflexed at anthesis, 6-24 mm, apex apiculate to acuminate or filiform-attenuate, abaxially green or purple, hirsute, adaxially purple, puberulent with crisped purple or pale hairs; pollen sacs 1-1.5 mm, sterile tip of connective on inner stamens purple, 0.5-1 mm, shorter than or about as long as pollen sacs. 2 n = 26.
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Plants hairy, especially the petioles and cal; lvs cordate-rotund to cordate-reniform, mostly 8–12 cm wide at anthesis, larger at maturity; peduncle stout, 2–5 cm; fls 2–4 cm; calyx tube short, erect, the lobes spreading or reflexed; 2n=26. Rich woods, usually in colonies; N.B. and Que. to Ont. and Minn., s. to N.C., n. Ala., and n. La. Apr., May. Var. canadense, with essentially the range of the species, has the cal-lobes spreading from the base, curved upward beyond the middle, and gradually narrowed into a revolute-margined slender tip 0.5–2 cm. (A. acuminatum, the extreme form) Var. reflexum (E. P. Bicknell) B. L. Rob., from N.Y. to Mich. and Io., and southward, commoner in the Middle West, has the cal-lobes reflexed, often closely appressed to the ovary, triangular, abruptly contracted into a short, tubular, 2–4 mm tip. (A. ambiguum, a form intermediate to var. canadense)
A small evergreen herb. It can grow 1 m tall. It lies along the ground and has a ginger smell. It has a slender underground stem or rhizome. The leaves are dark green, hairy and heart shaped. They are 5-20 cm across. The flowers are urn shaped and purple brown. They are on short stalks near the ground.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support -
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 0.5 - 1.0
Mature height (meter) 0.1 - 0.15
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Moist rich soils in woodlands, usually on calcareous soils. Understorey of deciduous (rarely coniferous) forests; at elevations from sea level to 1,300 metres.
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It is a temperate plant. It grows in rich woods, near rocks. It is resistant to frost but damaged by drought. It suits hardiness zone 2-8.
Light 2-6
Soil humidity 4-7
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity 3-6
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 4-7

Usage

The young rootstocks are cut into pieces and boiled for an hour then simmered for 20-30 minutes in a rich sugar solution. These make a sweet. The dried and rushed rootstocks can be used as a substitute for ginger. The flowers can also be used as flavouring. Caution: It can contain Aristolochic acid that damages the liver and kidneys and also asarone which causes cancer. It should not be taken by pregnant women.
Uses essential oil incense material medicinal ornamental spice
Edible flowers leaves roots stems
Therapeutic use Dermatological Aid (leaf), Eye Medicine (leaf), Sedative (leaf), Anticonvulsive (root), Febrifuge (root), Pediatric Aid (root), Anthelmintic (root), Blood Medicine (root), Cold Remedy (root), Cough Medicine (root), Heart Medicine (root), Sedative (root), Stimulant (root), Adjuvant (root), Dermatological Aid (root), Gastrointestinal Aid (root), Orthopedic Aid (root), Analgesic (root), Cathartic (root), Diaphoretic (root), Misc. Disease Remedy (root), Respiratory Aid (root), Tonic (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (root), Urinary Aid (root), Antidote (root), Ear Medicine (root), Hunting Medicine (root), Dietary Aid (root), Antiemetic (root), Tuberculosis Remedy (tuber), Cold Remedy (unspecified), Cough Medicine (unspecified), Abortifacient (unspecified), Analgesic (unspecified), Antidiarrheal (unspecified), Breast Treatment (unspecified), Emetic (unspecified), Febrifuge (unspecified), Gastrointestinal Aid (unspecified), Gynecological Aid (unspecified), Misc. Disease Remedy (unspecified), Adjuvant (unspecified), Anticonvulsive (unspecified), Antiemetic (unspecified), Blood Medicine (unspecified), Dermatological Aid (unspecified), Dietary Aid (unspecified), Disinfectant (unspecified), Pediatric Aid (unspecified), Psychological Aid (unspecified), Pulmonary Aid (unspecified), Stimulant (unspecified), Throat Aid (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Venereal Aid (unspecified), Veterinary Aid (unspecified), Witchcraft Medicine (unspecified), Panacea (unspecified), Abdomen (unspecified), Carminative (unspecified), Expectorant (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Palpitation (unspecified), Polyp(Nose) (unspecified), Snuff (unspecified), Sudorific (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Eye (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Headache (unspecified), Medicine (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or by division.
Mode divisions seedlings
Germination duration (days) 7 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 18
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -35
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Habit

Asarum canadense habit picture by Maarten Vanhove (cc-by-sa)

Leaf

Asarum canadense leaf picture by Radman23 (cc-by-sa)
Asarum canadense leaf picture by Mylaine Dionne (cc-by-sa)
Asarum canadense leaf picture by emily (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Asarum canadense flower picture by Kassie Slotty (cc-by-sa)
Asarum canadense flower picture by william Davidson (cc-by-sa)
Asarum canadense flower picture by David Smith (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Asarum canadense world distribution map, present in Canada and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:93467-1
WFO ID wfo-0000550779
COL ID H4PS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Asarum carolinianum Asarum latifolium Asarum reflexum Asarum acuminatum Asarum ambiguum Asarum furcatum Asarum rubrocinctum Asarum villosum Asarum canadense f. canadense Asarum canadense f. phelpsiae Asarum canadense f. prattii Asarum medium Asarum parvifolium Asarum ypsilantense Asarum reflexum var. ambiguum Asarum canadense var. acuminatum Asarum canadense var. ambiguum Asarum canadense var. obtusum Asarum canadense var. reflexum Asarum canadense var. canadense Asarum canadense var. acutifolium Asarum canadense