Asparagus africanus Lam.

African asparagus (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asparagaceae > Asparagus

Characteristics

Perennial climber or scrambling subshrub. Roots thick, fibrous, without tubers. Stems to 3 m or more long (to 12 m long reported by Harden et al. 2007). Scale leaves on main stems often with a basal pungent, often curved spine to 12 mm long. Cladodes numerous (c. 7–12) per axil, filiform to subulate to flattened, (6–) 8–15 mm long, c. 0.5 mm wide, glabrous. Flowers usually numerous per axil, erect, bisexual, 5–7 mm diam.; pedicels 5–10 (–13) mm long, articulated 3–5 mm from base. Sepals and petals (tepals) 2.5–4 mm long, 1–1.5 mm wide, reflexed, white. Stamens 6, 2–3.5 mm long; filaments 1.5–3 mm long, white; anthers c. 0.5 mm long, yellow. Ovary globose, c. 1 mm diam.; style c. 1 mm long; stigma capitate. Berry ±gobular, 4–6 mm diam., bright orange to orange-red. Seed 1, 3–4 mm diam.
More
Plant erect when stems young, later scrambling and up to 0.6 m or more high. Rhizome typical, bearing thin, rough roots. Stems many, pubescent or glabrous, smooth, green with spreading branches and branchlets, often closely beset with cladode fascicles. Spines straight or reflexed, sharp, reddish brown with the scale leaves above similar in colour, present below branches, branchlets and cladode fascicles. Cladodes ±12 per fascicle, filiform, slightly curved, apiculate, unequally long, the longest up to 10 mm. Flowers up to ±15 cm each cladode fascicle; tepals narrowly obovate, ±3-4 mm long, whitish; stalk ±5 mm long, articulated in lower half. Stamens with small yellow anthers. Ovary with 4 ovules in each locule; obovoid; style and stigmas very short. Berry ±5 mm in diameter, orange.
Erect or climbing or scrambling shrub to 4 m; branches terete to angled, glabrous to pubescent, with spines 3– 5 mm long; terminal branches with or without spines.. Cladodes fasciculate, 5– 25, subulate, stiff or flexible, 3– 15 mm long.. Flowers in fascicles of 2– 10(– 35), axillary and terminal; bracts lanceolate, ± 1.5 mm long, falling off quickly; pedicels 3– 8(– 10) mm long, articulated below the middle.. Tepals white to cream, ± equal, 3– 4 mm long, entire; stamens shorter than the perianth, anthers yellow; ovary 3-locular with 4– 8 ovules in each locule; style 1 mm long, 3-branched.. Berry red, 5– 6 mm in diameter, 1-seeded.. Fig. 1: 1– 3 (page 7).
Erect, spiny shrub, up to 1 m high, or climber, up to 2 m high. Stems pubescent or glabrous, smooth, green. Spines small, straight or reflexed, reddish brown, present below branches, branchlets and cladode fascicles. Cladodes ± 12 per fascicle, filiform, slightly curved, apiculate, up to 10 mm long. Flowers up to 6 in axils; stamens with small yellow anthers; pedicels articulated in lower half. Flowering time Dec.-Feb. Fruit an orange berry.
Erect shrub or scrambler, up to 2 m high. Roots thick, terete. Stems greenish, yellowish or brownish when young, straight, not zigzagging, epidermis not peeling into strips. Spines straight or reflexed, sharp, reddish brown with scale leaves above similar in colour, present below cladode fascicles. Cladodes ± 12 per fascicle, filiform. Flowers: tepals white, Oct. Fruit a berry.
An erect shrub. It can be a scrambler or climbing. It grows 1.7 m high. It has wiry spiny branches. It grows each year from a woody base. The leaves are reduced to very small scales. There are clusters or leaf-like needles in the axils of leaves. The flowers are white or greenish-white. They are borne in the axils. The fruit are small red berries. They turn black when old.
Plant erect when stems young, scrambling later, up to 0.6 m or more high. Spines straight or reflexed, sharp, reddish brown with scale leaves above similar in colour, present below cladode fascicles. Flowers white.
Spiny shrub to 1 m or climber to 3 m, stems with straight or spreading, brownish spines. Cladodes ± 12 in fascicles. Flowers up to 6 in axils, tepals and filaments spreading.
Erect herb 3-5 ft. high with numerous spiny branches
Flowers greenish white
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.0 - 1.51
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Primarily a weed of subtropical regions; invades forests, rainforest margins, open woodlands (particularly those near habitation), urban bushland, and in the vegetation along waterways (i.e. in riparian areas). It is also common in disturbed sites and waste areas, along roadsides, and in parks and gardens.
More
It is a tropical plant. It grows in the moist sand of bush savannah in West Africa. In Tanzania it grows up to 2,500 m above sea level in areas with 1,000-1,700 mm rainfall. It becomes common after burning.
Moist sandy, wooded or bush soudanian savannah. Frequent at forest edges, in bushy wooded areas and grasslands, often on rocky ground, at elevations up to 2,500 metres.
Occurring in clumps in moist sandy savanna.
Light 4-6
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 3-4
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-11

Usage

The young shoot tips are eaten. They are dug out, peeled and chewed. The fleshy root tubers can be eaten after extended cooking. The fruit are sucked.
More
Cultivated as an ornamental.
Uses environmental use food material medicinal ornamental poison social use wood
Edible fruits roots seeds shoots tubers
Therapeutic use Colic (unspecified), Hair (unspecified), Ointment (unspecified)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown by seeds or root suckers.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Asparagus africanus leaf picture by Skyler (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus africanus leaf picture by Skyler (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus africanus leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Asparagus africanus flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus africanus flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus africanus flower picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Asparagus africanus fruit picture by Skyler (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus africanus fruit picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus africanus fruit picture by Susan Brown (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Asparagus africanus world distribution map, present in Angola, Australia, Benin, Burkina Faso, Botswana, Central African Republic, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Gambia, Indonesia, Kenya, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Oman, Rwanda, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, Senegal, Somalia, eSwatini, Chad, Togo, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Yemen, South Africa, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:530996-1
WFO ID wfo-0000631275
COL ID HBB9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Asparagopsis lamarckii Asparagus gourmacus Asparagus mitis Asparagus rivalis Protasparagus africanus Asparagus africanus var. microcarpus Asparagus asiaticus var. mitis Asparagus africanus var. biarticulatus Asparagus africanus var. pubescens Asparagus africanus

Lower taxons

Asparagus africanus var. puberulus Asparagus africanus var. africanus