Asparagus racemosus Willd.

Species

Angiosperms > Asparagales > Asparagaceae > Asparagus

Characteristics

Plant with bisexual flowers. Stems glabrous, usually climbing, up to 2-3 m high or more, smooth or grooved, in their lower part unbranched; branches numerous and branched; solitary; final branches usually 1-4-nate, up to 5(-10) cm long, spreading or ascending, straight. Roots with distant, elongate tubers. Scale-leaves with scarious portion up to 5(-10) mm long and spine usually absent on final branches, up to 5(-10) mm long. Cladodes present mainly on branches and towards the ends of stems, triquetrous, linear-crenate, 1-3(-4)-nate, (7-)10-25(-40) mm long, rarely over 1 mm broad. Pedicels 1-or 2-nate, usually on branches 2-6 mm long lacking cladodes, less often on normal branches, articulated usually near the middle, 3-5 mm long. Flowers bisexual, scented. Perianth segments white with a green band, spreading similar oblong to obovate-oblong, 2-3(-4) mm long. Filaments shorter than or about the same length as the perianth segments; anthers c. 0.2-0.3 mm long. Ovary obovoid, c. 1.5 mm long; style c. ½ mm, with 3 stigmatic ridges or 3 short branches; ovules 2 per locule. Berry red when ripe, c. 4-6 mm ø. Seeds 1-3, globose or angled, c. 2-3 mm ø.
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Tall climbers or, if without support, tangled shrubs with shiny yellow stems and soft, feathery branches when 'in leaf, usually bare when in flower. Rhizome woody, small, compact. Roots many, with fusiform swellings near rhizome. Stems straight, smooth. Spines short, recurved, present on stems and main branches. Branches spreading, bearing numerous branchlets, ±70 mm long, closely beset with overlapping cladode fascicles. Cladodes ±4-8 per fascicle, unequally long, filiform, 10-16 mm long, thin. Flowers in simple racemes, in multibudded axils of stems and branches, usually several racemes together, racemes ±20-30 mm long; tepals attenuate below, ±3 mm long, white with a reddish central streak, reflexed in fruit; bracts membranous, acuminate, curved around stalk below; stalk ±2 mm long, articulated in middle. Stamens with red (or dark) anthers. Ovary attenuate below. Berry shortly stipitate, ±7 mm in diameter, red.
Climbing shrub to 7 m high; branches terete, lined or angled, glabrous with spines 2– 3 mm long in young parts to 5– 8 mm long in older parts.. Cladodes in fascicles of 2– 6, subulate to flattened, 8– 35(– 40)× 0.5– 0.7 mm.. Inflorescence racemose, 1.5– 19 cm long, glabrous; racemes solitary or fascicled, branching; the terminal parts of racemes with umbellate fascicles of 4– 6 flowers; bracts ovate, concave, 1.5– 4 mm long, glabrous, membranous, sometimes falling quickly; pedicel 4– 8 mm long (elongating to 10 mm long in fruit), articulated at the middle or below.. Tepals greenish white to white, 2.5– 3 mm long; stamens shorter than the perianth parts with anthers orange to red; ovary obovate, 3-locular with 6– 7 ovules in each locule; style 1– 1.25 mm long with 3-branched stigma.. Berry green turning red at maturity, 8– 10(– 13) mm in diameter, commonly 1-seeded, sometimes 2– 3-seeded.
Climber with stems to c. 4 m long. Roots fibrous and tuberous. Cladodes (2) 3–6 per axil, acicular to filiform, apiculate, 10–30 mm long, to 1 mm wide, glabrous. Scale leaves spine-like, 2–4 mm long (on older stems axillary spines to 12 mm long reported by Harden et al. 2007). Inflorescence a raceme, sometimes paired, to 10 cm long; pedicels 2–4 mm long, articulated 1–2 mm from base. Flowers single or paired (in axillary racemes to 10 cm long according to Harden et al. 2007), bisexual, 4–6 mm diam., white. Sepals and petals 2.5–3 mm long, c. 1 mm wide. Stamens 2–3 mm long; filaments 1.5–2.5 mm long; anthers 0.3–0.5 mm long, orange. Ovary ovoid, 2–2.5 mm long; style 0.5–1 mm long, minutely trifid. Berry ±globular, (3–) 5–6 mm diam., red. Seed 1, 3–4 mm diam.
Climber or tangled shrub, up to 4 m high. Stems straight, smooth, shiny yellow, with spreading branches; young stems purple. Spines short, recurved, present on stems and main branches. Cladodes 4-8 in overlapping fascicles, filiform, thin, 10-16 mm long. Flowers in simple racemes in axils of stems and branches; stamens with red or dark anthers; pedicels ± 2 mm long, articulated below middle. Flowering time Nov.-Apr. Fruit a red berry.
A creeping or climbing herb or shrub. It has woody stems. It grows 2 m high. It spreads 2 m wide. The stems are slender and trailing. The leaves are light green and narrow. They are 5 cm long. The flowers are very small. The fruit are small round red berries.
Tall climber or tangled shrub. Spines spreading-recurved, ± 5 mm long at base of plant. Racemes simple. Anthers red. Berry rounded at base. Flowers white with a reddish central streak.
Climbing plant up to 6 ft. high
Flowers green or white
Berries red.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support climber
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.0
Mature height (meter) 5.0
Root system fibrous-root rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

In Malesia a distinct drought-loving plant and bound to the seasonal areas, in Java to the zone with at most 20 rainy days in the 4 driest consecutive months of the year, mostly in coastal areas, in sunny thickets and on dunes, in monsoon forest with Bambusa spinosa, Acacia leucophloea, etc., predominantly in the lowland, but ascending to c. 1150 m (Backer). Fl. mostly Aug.-Jan.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows in thickets in drier parts of West Africa. It is best in rich moist soils and filtered sunlight. It is damaged by frost and drought. It can grow in arid places. It grows in limestone areas. It grows on rocky soils up to 1,400 m above sea level. In the Himalayas in India it grows between 700-2,000 m above sea level.
Found at elevations up to 1,200 metres in the Himalayas, eastwards from Kashmir. Broad-leaved forests along streams or valleys at elevations of 2,100-2,200 metres in western China.
Found at elevations up to 1,200 metres in the Himalayas, eastwards from Kashmir. Broad-leaved forests along streams or valleys at elevations of 2,100-2,200 metres in western China.
Forms tangled masses along watercourses.
In thickets
Light 4-8
Soil humidity 3-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 9-10

Usage

The tubers (rhizome) are cooked and eaten. They are boiled and dried. The outer skin is removed and cut into small pieces then pounded. The young leaves are used as a green vegetable. They are eaten cooked or raw. They are often mixed with other vegetables. They are also used for pickles. The leaves are also fermented and used for tea. The fruit are eaten as a dessert fruit. The flowering shoots are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. The harvested shoots can be stored for 10 days.
Uses environmental use food gene source medicinal poison tea
Edible flowers fruits leaves roots shoots tubers
Therapeutic use Antineoplastic agents (aerial part), Anti-bacterial agents (bark), Antifungal agents (bark), Dysentery, amebic (bark), Eczema (fruit), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (leaf), Hair loss (leaf), Antitussive agents (leaf), Aphrodisiacs (leaf), Azoospermia (leaf), Demulcents (leaf), Diuretics (leaf), Dysentery (leaf), Galactogogues (leaf), Herpes simplex (leaf), Irritable bowel syndrome (leaf), Postnatal care (leaf), Scabies (leaf), Urination disorders (leaf), Abdominal pain (root), Abortifacient agents (root), Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (root), Analgesics (root), Anthelmintics (root), Antifungal agents (root), Anti-infective agents, local (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antinematodal agents (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Aphrodisiacs (root), Appetite stimulants (root), Asthenia (root), Azoospermia (root), Breast diseases (root), Bronchitis (root), Cardiovascular diseases (root), Cardiovascular system (root), Colic (root), Constipation (root), Cough (root), Demulcents (root), Diabetes mellitus (root), Diarrhea (root), Diet, food, and nutrition (root), Diuretics (root), Dysentery (root), Dyspepsia (root), Dysuria (root), Eczema (root), Edema (root), Disorder of ejaculation (root), Emollients (root), Epilepsy (root), Erectile dysfunction (root), Erysipelas (root), Expectorants (root), Eye diseases (root), Fatigue (root), Fertility agents (root), Fever (root), Flatulence (root), Galactogogues (root), Gastric acid (root), Gastritis (root), Gastrointestinal diseases (root), Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (root), Gonorrhea (root), Gout (root), Graves ophthalmopathy (root), Hematologic diseases (root), Hematuria (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Hemostasis (root), Hoarseness (root), Hypersensitivity (root), Hypertension (root), Hypotension (root), Inflammation (root), Irritable bowel syndrome (root), Jaundice (root), Kidney diseases (root), Lactation disorders (root), Laxatives (root), Leprosy (root), Leukorrhea (root), Liver diseases (root), Menstruation disturbances (root), Molluscacides (root), Neoplasms (root), Nervous system diseases (root), Night blindness (root), Pain (root), Parasympatholytics (root), Pharyngitis (root), Postnatal care (root), Premature ejaculation (root), Pruritus ani (root), Puerperal disorders (root), General tonic for rejuvenation (root), Skin diseases (root), Skin diseases, infectious (root), Snake bites (root), Stomach diseases (root), Stomach ulcer (root), Thirst (root), Tuberculosis (root), Ulcer (root), Urinary tract infections (root), Urination disorders (root), Uterine diseases (root), Vomiting (root), Whooping cough (root), Nocturnal emission of semen (root), Cooling effect on body (root), Anti-bacterial agents (stem), Antiparasitic agents (stem), Antiviral agents (stem), Digestive system diseases (stem), Dysentery (stem), Wound healing (stem), Abdominal pain (tuber), Analgesics (tuber), Antitussive agents (tuber), Diabetes mellitus (tuber), Edema (tuber), Fever (tuber), Furunculosis (tuber), Galactogogues (tuber), Headache (tuber), Lymphadenitis (tuber), Menorrhagia (tuber), Oxytocics (tuber), Pharyngitis (tuber), Snake bites (tuber), Ache(Limb) (unspecified), Aphrodisiac (unspecified), Ache(Bones) (unspecified), Demulcent (unspecified), Demulcent(Veterinary) (unspecified), Diuretic (unspecified), Dysentery (unspecified), Glossitis (unspecified), Gravel (unspecified), Lactogogue (unspecified), Pleurisy (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Rinderpest (unspecified), Tonic (unspecified), Tumor(Abdomen) (unspecified), Dyspepsia (unspecified), Nerves (unspecified), Fever (unspecified), Impotence (unspecified), Sore (unspecified), Immunostimulant (unspecified), Anti-inflammatory agents (unspecified), Aphrodisiacs (unspecified), Central nervous system diseases (unspecified), Colic (unspecified), Demulcents (unspecified), Diabetes mellitus (unspecified), Diarrhea (unspecified), Diuretics (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Erectile dysfunction (unspecified), Eye diseases (unspecified), Fractures, bone (unspecified), Galactogogues (unspecified), Gastrointestinal diseases (unspecified), Hematologic diseases (unspecified), Hemorrhage (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Leukorrhea (unspecified), Memory disorders (unspecified), Nootropic agents (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Increase physical endurance, strength and stamina (unspecified), Anti-poisoning (unspecified), General tonic for rejuvenation (unspecified), Tongue diseases (unspecified), Urination disorders (unspecified), Uterine diseases (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (whole plant excluding root), Antineoplastic agents (whole plant excluding root), Immunomodulation (whole plant excluding root)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

It can be grown by seed or by division. Seed are best soaked in warm water for 24 hours before sowing. A spacing of 80-90 cm apart is suitable.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) 21 - 30
Germination temperacture (C°) 15 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -7
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Asparagus racemosus leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus racemosus leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus racemosus leaf picture by susan brown (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Asparagus racemosus flower picture by Narendra Gaekwad (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus racemosus flower picture by korrosianwilliam (cc-by-sa)
Asparagus racemosus flower picture by Maheshor Rai (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Asparagus racemosus world distribution map, present in Angola, Andorra, Australia, Bangladesh, Central African Republic, China, Eritrea, Spain, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Indonesia, Iceland, Jamaica, Kenya, Liberia, Sri Lanka, Moldova (Republic of), Madagascar, Maldives, Mali, Myanmar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Nigeria, Nepal, Oman, Pakistan, Rwanda, Sudan, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Togo, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Tanzania, United Republic of, Uganda, Uruguay, Viet Nam, Yemen, South Africa, and Zimbabwe

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:531271-1
WFO ID wfo-0000634415
COL ID 5VTJW
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Asparagopsis acerosa Asparagopsis hohenackerii Asparagopsis javanica Asparagus acerosus Asparagus dubius Asparagus jacquemontii Asparagus stachyoides Protasparagus zeylanicus Asparagopsis brownei Asparagopsis decaisnei Asparagopsis floribunda Asparagopsis retrofracta Asparagopsis sarmentosa Asparagopsis subquadrangularis Asparagus fasciculatus Asparagus penduliflorus Asparagus petitianus Asparagus zeylanicus Protasparagus jacquemontii Protasparagus acerosus Protasparagus racemosus Asparagus tetragonus Asparagus racemosus var. longicladodius Asparagus racemosus var. tetragonus Protasparagus racemosus var. javanicus Protasparagus racemosus var. subacerosus Asparagus racemosus var. zeylanicus Asparagus racemosus var. javanicus Asparagus racemosus var. subacerosus Asparagopsis abyssinica Geitonoplesium scandens Asparagus racemosus