Aucuba japonica Thunb.

Japanese laurel (en), Aucuba (fr), Aucuba du Japon (fr), Aucuba Japonais (fr)

Species

Angiosperms > Garryales > Garryaceae > Aucuba

Characteristics

Shrubs 1–3 m tall; branches dichotomous, green, stout. Leaf blade abaxially light green, sometimes variegated with yellow spots, adaxially shiny green, narrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, seldom widely lanceolate, 8–20 × 5–12 cm, leathery, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margin with 2–4(–6) pairs of teeth on upper half, or entire, apex acuminate. Staminate inflorescences paniculate, 7–10 cm, pubescent. Carpellate inflorescences shortly paniculate, (1–)2–3 cm, pubescent. Staminate flowers pubescent; petals subovate or ovate-lanceolate, 3.5–4.5 × 2–2.5 mm, apex shortly cuspidate, ca. 0.5 mm; stamens ca. 1.25 mm; pedicel 3–5 mm. Carpellate flowers purple red or dark red, abaxially glabrous; petals subovate to elliptic-lanceolate, apex caudate; ovary sparsely pubescent; style stout; stigma oblique (or leaning to one side; pedicel 2–3 mm, pubescent, bracteoles 2. Fruit dark purple or black, ovoid, ca. 2 cm × 5–7 mm in diam. Fl. Mar–Apr. 2n = 16, 32.
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Shrubs 1–3 m. Leaves: blade usually narrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, seldom widely lanceolate, 8–20 × 5–12 cm, base subrounded or broadly cuneate, margins dentate on distal 1/2 or entire, apex acuminate, abaxial surface light green, adaxial surface green, sometimes yellow-variegated, glossy. Inflorescences: staminate 7–10 cm, pistillate (1–)2–3 cm. Flowers: petals valvate, purplish red to dark red, ovate to ovate-lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 3.5–4.5 × 2–2.5 mm, apex acuminate; nectary slightly 4-lobed, fleshy. Drupes ovoid, 2 cm. 2n = 16, 32.
A bushy shrub. It grows 1.8-3 m high. It forms sprouts at the base. Stems are weak and lay on the ground forming roots. The leaves are large and glossy. They They are 25 cm long and have teeth. The flowers are small and white, purple or red. The fruit are berries and are green but eventually turn scarlet. They droop in clusters. Fruit are 12 mm long. Trees can be separately male and female.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support -
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) 2.25
Mature height (meter) 1.9 - 3.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

It is a temperate plant. They can tolerate frost. It will grow on almost any soil. It can tolerate dry shade. It suits hardiness zones 7-9. At Anvers Chocolate factory. Arboretum Tasmania.
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Woods in lowland and mountains all over Japan. In rich forest soils of moist valleys, dense forests, thickets, by streams and near shaded moist rocks in China.
Light 2-8
Soil humidity 2-7
Soil texture 2-5
Soil acidity 3-7
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 7-9

Usage

Uses environmental use material medicinal ornamental poison wood
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Anti-bacterial agents (leaf), Anti-inflammatory agents (leaf), Edema (leaf), Tuberculosis (leaf), Burn (unspecified), Swelling (unspecified), Anti-bacterial agents (unspecified), Antifungal agents (unspecified), Cathartics (unspecified)
Human toxicity toxic (fruit)
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants can be grown from seed or tip cuttings. They can also be grown by layering.
Mode cuttings seedlings
Germination duration (days) 30 - 90
Germination temperacture (C°) 20 - 21
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -12
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Aucuba japonica leaf picture by Lau (cc-by-sa)
Aucuba japonica leaf picture by González Noemí (cc-by-sa)
Aucuba japonica leaf picture by Najeral Fernando (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Aucuba japonica flower picture by Dimas Fernández Otero (cc-by-sa)
Aucuba japonica flower picture by Marta Alirangues (cc-by-sa)
Aucuba japonica flower picture by Lorenz Cuturi (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Aucuba japonica fruit picture by Lutz Lissy (cc-by-sa)
Aucuba japonica fruit picture by manfred schartner (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Aucuba japonica world distribution map, present in Austria, China, Spain, Japan, Nicaragua, Korea (Democratic People's Republic of), Taiwan, Province of China, and United States of America

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:271451-1
WFO ID wfo-0000297052
COL ID JPKH
BDTFX ID 8527
INPN ID 85174
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Aucuba japonica f. castaneoviridescens Aucuba japonica var. variegata Aucuba japonica var. latimaculata Aucuba japonica var. maculata Aucuba japonica f. albopunctata Aucuba japonica f. castaneopedicellata Aucuba japonica f. viridiflora Aucuba japonica

Lower taxons

Aucuba japonica var. japonica Aucuba japonica var. ovoidea