Baikiaea plurijuga Harms

Zambesi redwood (en)

Species

Angiosperms > Fabales > Fabaceae > Baikiaea

Characteristics

Leaves paripinnate: stipules 5–9 × 1–3 mm, obliquely linear-triangular, pubescent to tomentose, caducous; petiole and rachis together (4)6–11(13) cm long, of which the petiole is (0.8)1.5–2.5(3) cm, pubescent to tomentose with rusty brown hairs; petiolules 1–3 mm long; leaflets in (3)4–5(very rarely 6) pairs, strictly opposite or rarely with up to 1 mm separating members of a pair, each (3)4–7(9) × (1)1.5–2.5(4) cm, variable in shape from lanceolate (or smaller basal leaflets even ovate) to elliptic or elliptic-oblong or occasionally (particularly uppermost leaflets) oblong-lanceolate, rounded at the base (sometimes slightly asymmetric) or the uppermost pair markedly asymmetric with rounded proximal side and cuneate distal side, usually rounded at the apex (sometimes broadly so) and either apiculate or distinctly emarginate, but occasionally acute, pubescent with brownish hairs on both surfaces when young but quickly glabrescent except on the midrib beneath, sometimes with conspicuous pellucid gland-dots or dashes between the tertiary veins, often with swellings (?domatia) on the leaflet margin almost at the base on the proximal side and a few mm above the base on the distal side; lateral nerves extending to the marginal nerve.
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A tree. It grows 10-17 m high. The crown is round. The young bark is smooth and grey but becomes rough and cracked when old. It loses its leaves. The young branches are hairy. The leaves have leaflets. There are 4 or 5 leaflets. These have rusty brown hairs. The leaflets are 4-7 cm long by about 2 cm wide. They vary in shape. There are up to 40 flowers in a group 4-35 cm long. Only 1 or 2 flowers produce fruit and the rest fall off. The fruit are pods 8-14 cm long by 4-5 cm wide and broadly sword shaped. They split into 2 twisted valves. The seeds are dark red-brown. They are 2-2.5 cm long by 1.5-1.8 cm wide.
Racemes 4–35 cm long, ± erect, brown-pubescent to-tomentose, with up to 40 flowers regularly alternately arranged on opposite sides, the rachis consequently somewhat zigzag, most flowers (except usually one or two which produce fruit) falling with pedicel to leave a prominent ledge (bract scar) at each node of the otherwise denuded rachis; bracts c.4 × 5 mm, ovate to semicircular, caducous; pedicels c.9–13 mm, with prominent bracteole scars c.1–3 mm. from the base; bracteoles 4–5 × 3–5 mm, broadly ovate to broadly elliptic, usually rounded at apex, quickly caducous.
Calyx 13–20 mm long, divided to the base into 4 lobes of which the upper (adaxial) is 7–10 mm broad, the lateral one 4–7 mm broad, and the lower (abaxial) one 3–5 mm broad and slightly the longest through curvature, all brown-pubescent to-tomentose outside except on the overlapped margins 0.5 mm broad, and pale brown-tomentose inside.
Stamens 10, about equalling the petals, one free, nine lightly fused towards the base, the lower part villous and the free part glabrous; anthers (3.5)4–5 mm long, versatile.
Petals 5, 2.3–3.0(3.5) cm long, obovate-spathulate, pale mauve to bluish-purple, undulate at lower margins, villous towards midrib especially near base.
Round-topped tree usually 10–17 m high, occasionally reaching 25 m; young bark smooth and grey but becoming rough and fissured when old; deciduous.
Young branches pubescent to tomentose with appressed or ascending rusty-brown hairs, but quickly glabrescent to leave a smooth grey bark.
Pods 8–14 × 3.5–4.7(5) cm, oblanceolate with oblique apex, woody, brown-tomentose, dehiscing into two spirally twisted valves.
Ovary 12–15 × 4–5 mm, obliquely oblanceolate, brown-tomentose; style slightly exceeding petals and stamens; stigma capitate.
Seeds dark reddish brown, 2–2.5 × 1.5–1.8 × 3 mm, elliptic-orbicular, compressed.
Life form perennial
Growth form tree
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination entomogamy
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 12.5 - 16.0
Root system tap-root
Rooting depth (meter) 2.3
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway c3

Environment

Confined to Kalahari sands, where it is often abundant and dominant in lowland tropical forests, often associated with Guibourtia coleosperma and Schinziophyton rautanenii, at elevations around 900-1,200 metres.
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It is a tropical plant. It grows on Kalahari sands. It grows between 900-1,200 m altitudes. It has deep roots that help it avoid moisture stress.
Light 4-9
Soil humidity 4-6
Soil texture 1-6
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 10-12

Usage

Uses animal food charcoal dye environmental use fuel gum material medicinal ornamental timber wood
Edible flowers
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings. Seeds needs scarification and soaking.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment scarification soaking
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) 25 - 38
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Leaf

Baikiaea plurijuga leaf picture by Abinala Shonga (cc-by-sa)

Flower

Baikiaea plurijuga flower picture by Abinala Shonga (cc-by-sa)

Fruit

Baikiaea plurijuga fruit picture by Abinala Shonga (cc-by-sa)

Distribution

Baikiaea plurijuga world distribution map, present in Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Zambia, and Zimbabwe

Conservation status

Baikiaea plurijuga threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:480802-1
WFO ID wfo-0000212823
COL ID 5WB4F
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR) Link

Synonyms

Baikiaea plurijuga