Balanites pedicellaris Mildbr. & Schltr.

Species

Angiosperms > Zygophyllales > Zygophyllaceae > Balanites

Characteristics

A spiny deciduous shrub or small tree up to 8 m high, multistemmed or with a fluted trunk to 30 cm diameter; branches often spreading and then pendulous to form a rounded crown; bark smooth, sometimes papery and peeling, dark grey, becoming rough or corrugated and cracking into small lenticular sections; branchlets and spines yellowish green to grey-green, becoming reddish brown and eventually grey, at first densely tomentellous, glabrescent.. Primary spines borne at a wide angle to the parent stem, 5–26 mm above the axil, often slightly bent at the nodes, 4.6–14.5 cm long, 2–3(–5) mm diameter at the base, frequently bearing branch-spines (themselves spinuliferous or bearing non-spiniform secondary shoots).. Leaves on the stems, spines and secondary branches; stipules 2–2.5 mm long, narrowly triangular, tomentose, early caducous; petiole 1–9 mm long; petiolules absent or up to 3.5 mm long; leaflets often greyish green, broadly obovate to spathulate, 0.3–4.6 cm long, 0.3–3 cm wide, apex rounded or obtuse to emarginate, sometimes shortly apiculate, base cuneate, thinly coriaceous to thick and sub-succulent, dull, puberulous or tomentellous to glabrescent, the veins usually obscure; foliole 1–2 mm long, eventually caducous.. Inflorescence axillary on the main axis or from spine-buds, the flowers solitary or 2–4(–8) in a fascicle or sometimes in a shortly pedunculate, subumbellate cyme, variably tomentellous to grey-pubescent; peduncle absent or up to 1 cm long; pedicels 0.5–2.4 cm long.. Flowers 5-merous, often sweet-scented, the buds apiculate, rarely rounded; sepals ovate, 3.5–8 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, acute to acuminate, tomentellous outside, the glabrous margin very narrow, caducous; petals spreading or reflexed, green or greenish-yellow, elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, 6–9 mm long, 2–3.4 mm wide, sometimes bent at the tip, glabrous within; stamens 10, spreading or spreading-erect; anthers 1.5–2.8 mm long, 0.5–1 mm wide; ovary ± 1.5 mm high but obscured by dense white hairs protruding from the disc before the ovary develops; style 1–4 mm long, usually persisting in fruit.. Fruit elongating only slightly in early development, enlarging evenly to 1.2–4 cm long, 1.3–2.2 cm diameter, becoming ovoid or subglobose, ripening to yellow and then dull orange, often shallowly depressed at both ends, at first finely puberulous, usually glabrescent, thin and usually brittle on the outside, spongy and fibrous within with a thin hard endocarp; seed ellipsoid, cream, up to 1.5 cm long, becoming loose in the mature fruit.
More
A very dense shrub. It can grow to 9 m high. It has thin drooping branches. These have long un-forked spines. The bark is light grey and often spiny. The leaves are made up of 2 leaflets without stalks. They leaves are grey-green. The leaflets are oval and 4 cm long with rounded tips. They narrow towards the base. The leaves dry with obvious wrinkles. The small branches end with spines and often leaves grow on these. The buds are small and triangular. They occur in bunches in the axils of leaves. The flowers are greenish-yellow and long fairly stout stalks. The fruit are 2.5 cm long. They are brilliant orange-red when ripe. They are edible.
Leaves shortly petiolate; leaflets sessile, 1–3 (4) × 0·5–2·3 (3) cm., obovate, broadly obovate, obcuneate or rarely obovate-elliptic, apex rounded, rarely subtruncate, entire or slightly retuse, base always narrowly cuneate, subsucculent, very shortly and densely puberulous to subtomentose when young, later glabrescent; secondary nerves 3–5 pairs, not very prominent beneath; petiole 1·5–4 (6) mm. long, rather stout, ± densely pubescent at first, later glabrescent.
Flowers c. 1·4 cm. in diam., in few-to many-flowered sessile or rarely shortly pedunculate fascicles; pedicels up to 2 cm. long, fairly stout, ± densely puberulous, very rarely glabrous.
Shrub or small tree, up to 6 m high. Spines always simple. Leaves shortly petiolate; leaflets sessile, obovate, 10 x 5-23 mm. Petals glabrous on both surfaces. Flowers green.
Drupe orange, subglobose or broadly ellipsoid, usually somewhat flattened on both ends, 1·2–2·5 × 1·5–2 cm., finely puberulous when young, later usually glabrescent.
Branches yellowish or greyish-green or grey, rather stiff, usually spiny, younger parts densely puberulous, glabrous when older; spines rather stout, simple.
Sepals 6·5–7·5 × 3·2–5 mm., ovate to ovate-lanceolate, coriaceous, densely tomentellous outside, with long whitish silky hairs inside, acute, caducous.
Much-branched shrub or small tree with pendulous branches, up to 6 m. or more high, variable in shape and size.
Petals 6·7–9 × (2·5) 2·8–3·4 mm., narrowly elliptic with an acutish apex, glabrous on both surfaces.
Stamens with oblong anthers 2–2·8 mm. long; filaments c. 3·75 mm. long.
Ovary densely covered with whitish silky hairs.
Life form perennial
Growth form
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention deciduous
Sexuality hermaphrodite
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 8.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color
Blooming months -
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. It grows in tropical and warm places. It can grow in dry salty soils. It grows from sea level to 1,700 m altitude. It can grow in arid places.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) -

Usage

The fruit are reported to be eaten after very long boiling. They are boiled for 8-9 hours with the water being changed about 10 times. The inner part of the seeds are cooked and eaten. Caution: Eating fresh fruit causes dizziness and vomiting.
Uses animal food food material medicinal poison vertebrate poison
Edible fruits seeds
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Plants are grown from seeds. It is best to plant the seeds directly in the field.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Balanites pedicellaris world distribution map, present in South Africa

Conservation status

Balanites pedicellaris threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:873115-1
WFO ID wfo-0000313589
COL ID KFQ8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Balanites pedicellaris

Lower taxons

Balanites pedicellaris subsp. pedicellaris Balanites pedicellaris subsp. somalensis