Balanophora abbreviata Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Balanophoraceae > Balanophora

Characteristics

Monoecious plants (inflorescences bisexual), creamy-white to pale yellow. Length from fusion with host root to top of inflorescence (3-)5-10(-15) cm. Tubers single, or several together in a mass, branching from the base. Single tubers obconical, narrow at base, broadening near top to (1-)1.7(-2) cm, length (1-)2½(-3½) cm. Surface fine granular, with or without scattered stellate warts. Leaves 3-7, distichous, evenly spaced, slightly imbricate 1-2 by ¾-1½ cm, ovate, obtuse or emarginate. ♂ Flowers 10-20, in a zone ½-2 cm high below ♀ part of inflorescence (Hainan material with a few (3-8) ♂ flowers also at top of the ♀ part). Pedicels extremely short, c. 1 mm, or flowers sessile. ♂ Flower (3-)4-5 (-8)-merous, bisym-metric or slightly to conspicuously zygomorphic on account of lateral elongation. A 4-merous flower will have 2 narrow, ovate, acute lateral tepals, and 2 wide, truncate, almost square median tepals. Length of tepals 1½-2 mm. Synandrium with fertile part about 1 mm long, slightly compressed, lateral width 1½-2 mm, anterior-posterior width ½-¾ mm. Anthers divided into 16-20 parallel loculi, running from base to top of synandrium, or the loculi may be transversally divided into smaller locelli. ♀ Inflorescence ovoid, (1-)1½(-2½) by (½-)1(-2¼) cm. Spadicles 850-1000 μ long with a lower cylindrical part 140-180 μ wide, and an upper, obconical, truncate, part 400-500 μ wide. ♀ Flowers on main axis of inflorescence as well as on lower part of spadicles. Largest flowers with pistils 950-1100 μ long, ovaries ovoid to ellipsoid, 300-450 μ by 175-250 μ.
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Plant monoecious, creamy white to grayish. Rhizome branched or unbranched, surface granular, with pale stellate lenticels; branches subcupular to subglobose, attenuate toward base. Scapes erect, 4-6 cm. Leaves 4 to 7, alternate, oblong to ovate, 1.2-1.5 × 0.9-1.2 cm, lustrous, base asymmetric, apex obtuse to emarginate. Inflorescences ca. 1-2 × 0.6-1 cm, globose to ellipsoid, apex obtuse to rounded. Male flowers: zygomorphic, 10-30 basally on inflorescences or occasionally apically (in Hainan material), subtended by indistinct rudimentary bracts. Perianth lobes 4 or 5, imbricate, rounded, ca. 2 × 2 mm. Synandria subdiscoid, laterally expanded; anthers with 16-20 parallel loculi, dehiscent by short slits. Spadicles clavate, apical 1/3 subglobose; cuticular ridges of apical cells labyrinthlike. Female flowers: mostly on basal stipe of spadicles. Fl. Nov-Dec.
Parasitic herb, monoecious, usually pale yellow; flowering stems usually 2–10 cm tall. Tuber branched; surface finely granular. Leaves c. 3–7, distichous, oblong, c. 1–1.5 cm long, usually deeply forked. Inflorescence bisexual; male flowers few, almost sessile, below female flowers, on a dense terminal fungus-like spadix 8–20 mm long. Male flowers c. 10–20; tepals usually 4, c. 1.5 mm long, the lateral pair ovate, acute, the longitudinal pair oblong, truncate; synandrium c. 1 mm diam. Female flowers surrounding base of many club-shaped processes; style c. 0.5 mm long, slightly exceeding processes.
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Growth form herb
Growth support parasite
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Sexuality monoecy
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Mature height (meter) 0.01 - 0.06
Root system rhizome
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OctNovDec
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Environment

From about sea-level to 1000 m, mostly in evergreen forests. Flowering season in Malesia May-Jan. Hosts recorded: Tetrameles nudiflora R.BR. (Datisc.), Hibiscus tiliaceus L. (Mah.), Ficus baroni BAKER, F. cocculifolia BAKER subsp. sakalavarum BAKER, F. tinctoria L. f. (Morac.).
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Uncommon, usually on areas of limestone scree with a thin soil cover. It usually occurs in shaded, evergreen forest, and although it may be parasitic on many species it frequently occurs on the roots of Ficus species.
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Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

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Cultivation

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Images

Balanophora abbreviata unspecified picture

Distribution

Balanophora abbreviata world distribution map, present in Australia, Bhutan, China, Congo, Comoros, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Madagascar, Myanmar, Malaysia, Mayotte, Nepal, Philippines, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Viet Nam, Vanuatu, and South Africa

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:103224-1
WFO ID wfo-0000558623
COL ID KFW8
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID 448224
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Balanophora abbreviata Balanophora alutacea Balanophora cavaleriei Balanophora hildebrandtii Balanophora insularis Balanophora zollingeri Balaniella abbreviata Balaniella alutacea Balaniella distans Balaniella hildebrandtii Balanophora distans Balanophora fawcettii Balanophora kainantensis Balanophora laosensis Balanophora pallens Balanophora trimera Polyplethia kainantensis Acroblastum fawcettii Acroblastum insulare Acroblastum pallens Acroblastum subglobosum Balanophora micrantha Balanophora subglobosa