Balanophora elongata Blume

Species

Angiosperms > Santalales > Balanophoraceae > Balanophora

Characteristics

Plants dioecious, reddish yellow to dark red. Rhizome repeatedly branched, surface densely covered with warts and scattered stellate lenticels; branches obovoid-globose to cylindric. Scapes 5-15 cm, shorter on female shoot. Leaves 10-20, red, spirally arranged, imbricate, scaly, longitudinally striate when dry; basal leaves on scape broadly ovate, ca. 1 cm; middle leaves oblong, ca. 2 cm; apical leaves subspatulate, 3-3.5 cm, subtending inflorescence. Male inflorescences narrowly ovoid, 3-6 cm. Male flowers: subtended by truncate bract, pedicellate, dark red, zygomorphic, 4-or 5-merous, 8-10 mm in diam. Perianth lobes 4-4.5 mm, revolute at anthesis; upper and lower lobes broadly ovate, ca. 3 mm wide, apex truncate; lateral lobes lanceolate, apex acute. Synandria subspheroid to broadly ovoid, 2.5-4 mm in diam., stalked; anthers isomorphic, linear, with 20-30 parallel locelli, longitudinally dehiscent. Female inflorescences reddish yellow to reddish brown, ellipsoid to narrowly ellipsoid, 3-5 cm. Spadicles clavate, apical 1/3 ellipsoid to obovoid; cuticular ridges of apical cells labyrinthlike. Female flowers: basally on spadicles and main axis of inflorescence. Fl. Nov-Dec.
Life form perennial
Growth form herb
Growth support parasite
Foliage retention -
Sexuality dioecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 0.15
Root system rhizome
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months -
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

Broad-leaved evergreen forests at elevations of 900-3,000 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity -
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

Uses material medicinal social use
Edible -
Therapeutic use -
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Distribution

Balanophora elongata world distribution map, present in China, Indonesia, and Malaysia

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:103242-1
WFO ID wfo-0000558642
COL ID KFWS
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN)
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Balanophora elongata Balanophora hansenii Balaniella elongata Balaniella forbesii Balaniella maxima Balaniella multibrachiata Balanophora forbesii Balanophora maxima Balanophora multibrachiata Cynopsole elongata Cynopsole elongata Balanophora dioica Balanophora elongata var. maxima

Lower taxons

Balanophora elongata var. ungeriana