Baliospermum solanifolium (Burm.) Suresh

Species

Angiosperms > Malpighiales > Euphorbiaceae > Baliospermum

Characteristics

Shrubs 1-3 m tall, monoecious (rarely dioecious); young branches green, appressed pubescent, glabrous at maturity. Petiole 1-8[-13] cm, pubescent to glabrous, apex usually 2-glandular; leaf blade elliptic, oblong, or oblanceolate to broadly ovate, sometimes shallowly 3-5-lobed, 5-20 × 1-9 cm, papery, both surfaces appressed pubescent to glabrous, base rounded to broadly cuneate, rarely subcordate, margin subentire or sparsely serrulate to undulate-crenulate, apex obtuse or acute, rarely acuminate; lateral veins 4 or 5. Panicles axillary, male ones 2-7(-16) cm, narrow, pubescent. Male flowers: pedicel 2-12 mm; sepals 5, ovate; disk urceolate; stamens ca. [10-]17. Female flowers 1-3, axillary or inserted at base of male inflorescences; pedicel 2-10 mm; sepals 5, ovate or triangular, 1-2 × 0.8-1 mm, pubescent outside; disk annular; ovary densely pubescent; styles 3, 1.5-3 mm, apex bifid. Fruiting calyx accrescent to (3-)5 × 2(-3) cm; capsule pendulous, subglobose, 8-10[-13] mm in diam., puberulent. Seeds elliptic-ovoid, ca. 3.5 × 3 mm, gray-brown, with stripes of yellowish spots. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Jun-Sep.
More
A stout shrub. It is woody and grows 1-2 m high. The stems are fairly stout and have few branches. The leaves vary in shape and size. They are 2-11 cm long by 1-6 cm wide. There can be lobes and teeth around the edge.
Life form perennial
Growth form shrub
Growth support free-standing
Foliage retention evergreen
Sexuality monoecy
Pollination -
Spread -
Mature width (meter) -
Mature height (meter) 1.5 - 2.0
Root system -
Rooting depth (meter) -
Root diameter (meter) -
Flower color -
Blooming months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Fruit color -
Fruiting months
JanFebMar
AprMayJun
JulAugSep
OctNovDec
Nitrogen fixer -
Photosynthetic pathway -

Environment

A tropical plant. In Pakistan it grows between 600-1,200 m altitude.
More
Mixed woodlands at elevations below 700 metres.
Light -
Soil humidity 1-3
Soil texture -
Soil acidity -
Soil nutriment -
Hardiness (USDA) 8-12

Usage

The leaves are cooked and eaten as a vegetable. CAUTION: They are claimed to cause diarrhoea.
Uses medicinal oil
Edible leaves
Therapeutic use Abdominal neoplasms (leaf), Asthma (leaf), Bronchitis (leaf), Cathartics (leaf), Edema (leaf), Headache (leaf), Hemorrhoids (leaf), Wounds and injuries (leaf), Antirheumatic agents (plant exudate), Abdominal pain (root), Analgesics (root), Anemia (root), Anthelmintics (root), Antiemetics (root), Anti-inflammatory agents (root), Antineoplastic agents (root), Antipyretics (root), Antirheumatic agents (root), Calculi (root), Cathartics (root), Colic (root), Constipation (root), Diuretics (root), Dyspepsia (root), Edema (root), Fever (root), Flatulence (root), Gastrointestinal diseases (root), Helminthiasis (root), Hemorrhage (root), Hemorrhoids (root), Inflammation (root), Counterirritant (root), Jaundice (root), Laxatives (root), Leprosy (root), Lithiasis (root), Liver diseases (root), Pain (root), Pruritus (root), Scabies (root), Skin diseases (root), Splenomegaly (root), Suppuration (root), Urinary bladder calculi (root), Urination disorders (root), Vitiligo (root), Wounds and injuries (root), Diaphoretic (root), Antirheumatic agents (seed), Cathartics (seed), Constipation (seed), Flatulence (seed), Inflammation (seed), Counterirritant (seed), General tonic for rejuvenation (seed), Snake bites (seed), Toothache (stem), Ache(Stomach) (unspecified), Cathartic (unspecified), Poison (unspecified), Purgative (unspecified), Rheumatism (unspecified), Toothache (unspecified), Intoxicant (unspecified), Tumor(India) (unspecified), Anthelmintics (unspecified), Antirheumatic agents (unspecified), Asthma (unspecified), Edema (unspecified), Hemorrhoids (unspecified), Intestinal diseases, parasitic (unspecified), Counterirritant (unspecified), Jaundice (unspecified), Pain (unspecified), Skin diseases (unspecified), Splenomegaly (unspecified), Ulcer (unspecified), Cardiovascular system (whole plant)
Human toxicity -
Animal toxicity -

Cultivation

Can be grown by seedlings.
Mode seedlings
Germination duration (days) -
Germination temperacture (C°) -
Germination luminosity -
Germination treatment -
Minimum temperature (C°) -
Optimum temperature (C°) -
Size -
Vigor -
Productivity -

Images

Baliospermum solanifolium unspecified picture

Distribution

Baliospermum solanifolium world distribution map, present in Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, Indonesia, India, Kenya, Cambodia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Sri Lanka, Moldova (Republic of), Myanmar, Malaysia, Nepal, Pakistan, Thailand, and Viet Nam

Conservation status

Baliospermum solanifolium threat status: Least Concern

Identifiers

LSID urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:945127-1
WFO ID wfo-0000314537
COL ID KGZ9
BDTFX ID -
INPN ID -
Wikipedia (EN) Link
Wikipedia (FR)

Synonyms

Jatropha montana Baliospermum angulare Baliospermum moritzianum Baliospermum pendulinum Ricinus montanus Baliospermum axillare Baliospermum polyandrum Baliospermum solanifolium Baliospermum montanum Croton roxburghii Croton polyandrus Croton solanifolius Croton solanifolius Baliospermum indicum Baliospermum raziana